TABLE 4.

Potential epigenetic regulatory networks involving ocular neovascular LncRNAs.

LncRNAs	Types of modification	Functional effects	Effect on ocular neovascularization	References
NEAT1	DNA methylation	DNMT3A decreases NEAT1 promoter methylation levels and promotes NEAT1 expression	Overexpression of NEAT1 promotes ocular neovascularization	Duan et al. (2020)
	Histone methylation	NEAT1 binds to EZH2 and mediates H3K27 trimethylation to activate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling axis		(Chen et al., 2018)
	Histone acetylation	NEAT1 promotes Sirt1 expression by inhibiting miRNA physiological effects through binding to miRNAs		Zhou Z et al. (2019)
H19	Histone methylation	H19 can bind to EZH2 to regulate histone methylation levels and promote angiogenesis.	Promotes ocular neovascularization by regulating the function of macrophages or endothelial cells	(Guo et al., 2018; Yuan et al., 2019)
	DNA methylation	H19 can regulate the promoter methylation level of angiogenesis-related genes directly by binding to EZH2, and also by binding to DNA methylation-regulated related proteins to promote angiogenesis.		(Thomas et al., 2019; Klein et al., 2016)
HOTAIR	Histone methylation	HOTAIR regulates the expression of angiogenesis-related genes and activation of pathways by interacting with histone methylation-regulated related proteins.	Promotes neovascularization	(Biswas et al., 2021)
MALAT1	DNA methylation	MALAT1 is regulated by DNA methylation enzymes and regulates endothelial cell dysfunction and neovascularization	Overexpression of MALAT1 promotes neovascularization	Biswas S et al. (2018)
	Histone methylation	MALAT1 can interact with EZH2 to regulate ocular neovascularization and can also be regulated by histone methylation enzymes that mediate MALAT1 expression.		(Wu et al., 2019; Tee et al., 2014)
MEG3	DNA methylation	The MEG3 promoter undergoes DNA methylation and represses the expression of MEG3.	Overexpression of MEG3 inhibits neovascularization.	He et al. (2021)
	Histone methylation	MEG3 interacts with EZH2 to reduce the recruitment of histone methylation-related enzymes at H3K27 modification sites and inhibit the methylation levels of histones.		Zhou R et al. (2020)
	Histone acetylation	MEG3 regulates endothelial cell dysfunction and angiogenesis in a high-glucose environment by regulating SIRT1 expression.		(Tong et al., 2019)
SNHG1	Histone methylation	SNHG1 can interact with PKC2 to regulate histone methylation levels.	SNHG1 promotes neovascularization	Xu M et al. (2018)
SNHG7	Histone methylation	SNHG7 interacts with EZH2, decreases H3K27 methylation level in DKK1 region and activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway	SNHG7 inhibits neovascularization	Chi et al. (2020)
	Histone acetylation	SNHG7 suppresses miR-543 and promotes Sirt1 expression.		Ke et al. (2019)
Fendrr	Histone methylation	Fendrr increases gene transcription by regulating histone methylation levels.	Increased expression of Fendrr promotes neovascularization.	He et al. (2018)
GATA6-AS	Histone methylation	GATA6-AS promotes angiogenesis in endothelial cells by regulating histone methylation levels through interaction with LOXL2.	Elevation of GATA6-AS promotes neovascularization.	Neumann et al. (2018)