Table 2.

Characteristics of the 10 eligible randomized controlled trials.

Author, year	Population			Intervention				Outcome report
	Size, n	Mean age (years)	Device		Platform	Type of intervention
An et al, 2021 [30]	36	70.51	Smartphone		Video conferencing	Preoperative rehabilitation of TKAa	Quadriceps strength ROMb of knee flexion Timed Up and Go test
Doiron-Cadrin et al, 2020 [31]	34	65.97	Smartphone or tablet		Skype	Preoperative rehabilitation of TKA or THAc	Timed Up and Go test Stair test
Fernando et al, 2018 [32]	59	68.65	Smartphone or tablet		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	ROM of knee flexion Timed Up and Go test
Hong et al, 2017 [33]	23	81.85	Personal computer		Skype	Resistance and balance exercises	Timed Up and Go test Chair stand test
Prvu Bettger et al, 2020 [34]	287	65.25	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	Total cost ROM of knee flexion
Russell et al, 2003 [35]	21	67	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	ROM of knee flexion Timed Up and Go test Knee extensor strength
Russell et al, 2011 [36]	65	67.9	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	ROM of knee flexion Timed Up and Go test Knee extensor strength
Sparrow et al, 2011 [37]	100	71	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Resistance exercise program	Knee extensor strength Single-leg stance
Tousignant et al, 2011 [38]	41	66	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	ROM of knee flexion Berg Balance Scale 30-second chair stand test
Tousignant et al, 2015 [39]	197	66	Personal computer		Specially developed platform	Postoperative rehabilitation of TKA	Total cost Cost per time

^aTKA: total knee arthroplasty.

^bROM: range of motion.

^cTHA: total hip arthroplasty.