Table 1.

Description of Labov’s narrative components

Component of narrative	Description
1. Abstract	An initial clause in a narrative that provides an introduction to the events of the narrative and summary of what is to come.
2. Orientation	Orientation clauses provide information on the setting and context of the events of a narrative, such as time, place and characters involved.
3. Complicating action	The complicating action is the obligatory part of a narrative and describes the main events of the story through a sequence of temporally oriented clauses.
4. Evaluation	Evaluative clauses convey the point of a narrative and the personal relation and interest to the narrator.
5. Resolution	The resolution concludes the events of story/complicating action.
6. Coda	The final clauses which signify the end of the narrative and return it to the present moment of telling.