TABLE 2.

| Role of the exosome and Wnt in OA.

Author	Subjects	Source of exosomes	Path involved	Main results
Liu Xuchang et al. (2019)	New Zealand rabbits OA model and chondrocytes	Platelet-rich plasma	Wnt5a/β-catenin	Promoting the chondrocyte proliferation, migration, and decreasing OA chondrocytes apoptosis through inhibiting the expression of β-catenin, Wnt5a in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes
Dong Jisheng et al. (2021)	Chondrocytes of Sprague–Dawley rats	BM-MSCs	β-Catenin	Exosomes derived from BM-MSCs restricted the IL-1β-induced chondrocytes damage through inhibit the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Chen Zhao et al. (2020)	Patient-derived chondrocytes	Adipose-derived stem cells	β-Catenin	Exosomes downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNF-α, upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression, and protected articular chondrocytes from apoptosis via activating the β-catenin
Tao Shi-Cong et al. (2017)	Patient-derived chondrocytes	Synovial mesenchymal stem cells	Wnt5a/5b-YAP/TAZ	Exosomes promote the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes with the side effect of decreasing ECM secretion through via the Wnt signaling pathway induced by Wnt5a and Wnt5b
Mao Guping et al. (2018)	Patient-derived chondrocytes and C57B/L10 mice with a collagenase-induced OA model	Human mesenchymal stem	Wnt5a	Exosomes promote the chondrocyte proliferation, migration, and reduced cartilage matrix synthesis by enhancing the expression of Wnt5a. Animal experiment also indicated exosomes inhibited the progression of early OA and prevented the severe damage to articular cartilage
Zhu Chunhui et al. (2021)	OA patient cartilage and CHON-001 cells	CHON-001 cells	Wnt5b	Exosome-mediated transfer of circ_0001846 modulated IL-1β-induced chondrocytes damage by targeting the expression of Wnt5b