TABLE 4.
Endogenous inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
| Author | Subjects | Inhibitor | Path involved | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wafa Bouaziz et al. (2015) | Murine chondrocytes and mice with a DMM model | Sclerostin | Wnt3a/β-catenin | Sclerostin inhibited expression of ADAMTSs, MMPs, and Col10a by suppressing the canonical Wnt pathway and sclerostin through Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway |
| Hwanhee Oh et al. (2012) | C57BL/6 mice with a DMM model and articular chondrocytes | Dkk-1 | DKK-1 | Overexpression of Dkk1 by intraarticular injection of AdDkk-1 inhibited DMM-induced experimental OA, DKK-1 inhibited Wnt-3a-catenin-mediated upregulation of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 |
| Diederik P C de Rooy et al. (2013) | Serum levels of RA patients | DKK-1 | DKK-1 | RA patients with risk alleles of genetic variants in Dkk-1 are inclined to joint destruction over time |
| S J B Snelling et al. (2016) | Human OA cartilage and synovial tissues, human chondrocytes | DKK-3 | DKK-3 | Dkk-3 is upregulated in OA and may have a protective effect on cartilage integrity by preventing proteoglycan loss |
| Nicole C Walsh et al. (2009) | C57BL/6 J mice | DKK-1, SFR1 | DKK-1, SFR1 | The Wnt signaling antagonists DKK1 and sFRP1 are expressed in inflamed synovial, suggesting that the inhibition of Wnt signaling contributes to impaired osteoblast function within arthritic bone tissues in RA |
| Shu-Guang Gao et al. (2016) | Human OA cartilage and subchondral bone from tibial plateau | WIF-1 | WIF-1 | Patients with disease had significantly decreased WIF-1 levels. Thus, WIF-1 levels are negatively correlated with the severity of the disease |
| Jean Cassuto et al. (2018) | Plasma derived from twenty-four osteoarthritis patients | Dkk-1, sFRP-1 | Dkk-1, sFRP1 | Dkk-1 and sFRP1 suppress osteogenic activation of MSCs and they are required for full osteoblastic differentiation |