TABLE 2.

Characteristics of long-term human clinical studies.

Study	Subject	Age (years)	Gender (M:F)	Soy group				Control group				Study period (weeks)
				Sample size	Age (years)	Gender (M:F)	Intervention	Sample size	Age (years)	Gender (M:F)	Intervention
Berg et al. (46)	Healthy Sports students	23.6 ± 1.9	20/10	14 (Baseline 15)	23.3 ± 1.6	10/5	Soy protein 53.3 g/d	14 (Baseline 15)	24.0 ± 2.1	10/5	blank	6
Chen et al. (47)	Non-smoking Healthy man	20 ± 1.94	30/0	15	20.7 ± 2.4	15/0	Soy isoflavones 150 mg/d	15	20.7 ± 1.5	15/0	placebo	4
Liu et al. (48)	Postmenopausal Chinese women with prediabetes or early untreated diabetes	48–70	0/120	60	50.6 ± 3.4	0/60	Soy isoflavones 100 mg/d	60	55.9 ± 3.8	0/60	milk protein	12
	Postmenopausal Chinese women with prediabetes or early untreated diabetes	46–70	0/120	60	50.6 ± 3.4	0/60	Soy isoflavones 100 mg/d	60	55.9 ± 3.8	0/60	milk protein	24
Qin et al. (49)	Patients with hypercholesterolemia	40–65	55/62	58 (Baseline 60)	54.5 ± 6.6	28/30	Daidzein 40 mg/d	59 (Baseline 60)	52.9 ± 6.0	27/32	placebo	12
	Patients with hypercholesterolemia	40–65	53/56	60	53.4 ± 6.4	36/24	Daidzein 80 mg/d	59 (Baseline 60)	52.9 ± 6.0	27/32	placebo	24
Ye et al. (50)	Women with impaired glucose regulation	30–70	0/104	54 (Baseline 55)	53.4 ± 6.4	0/54	Daidzein 50 mg/d	50 (Baseline 54)	56.3 ± 11.1	0/50	placebo	12
	Women with impaired glucose regulation	30–70	0/97	50 (Baseline 55)	53.4 ± 6.4	0/50	Daidzein 50 mg/d	47 (Baseline 54)	56.3 ± 11.1	0/47	placebo	24
	Women with impaired glucose regulation	30–70	0/104	54 (Baseline 56)	53.4 ± 6.4	0/54	Genistein 50 mg/d	50 (Baseline 54)	56.3 ± 11.1	0/50	placebo	12
	Women with impaired glucose regulation	30–70	0/101	54 (Baseline 56)	53.4 ± 6.4	0/54	Genistein 50 mg/d	47 (Baseline 54)	56.3 ± 11.1	0/47	placebo	24