Table 1.

The components of basement membrane and interstitial matrices, and their implication in ECM

Matrix	ECM component	Interact with:	Cell surface receptors	References
Basement membrane	Collagen IV	Laminin, Nidogen, Perlecan, proteoglycans and growth factors (TGFβ1, PDGF)	Integrins and DDR1	[12, 13]
	Laminins	Collagen, laminins, nidogens and perlecan, plasminogen, agrin, sulfatides, immunoglobulins and plectin, plasminogen activator and axon guidance molecules	Cell surface collagens (collagen XVII), dystroglycan, integrins and syndecans	[13, 14]
	Perlecan	Growth factors (FGF, bFGF, VEGF), collagen IV, antithrombin III, sulfatides, laminins, nidogens, fibulins, fibronectin, thrombospondins and prolargin	Integrins	[15, 16]
	Nidogen/ entactin	Collagen IV, laminins, fibulin 1 and perlecan	Integrins	[13, 17]
Interstitial matrices	Collagen I	Cytokines (IL2, oncostatin M), growth factors (PDGF, KGF), collagens, fibronectin, proteoglycans	Syndecans, integrins, DDR1 and DDR2	[18]
	Elastin	Fibrillin, fibulins, elastins, EBP	Integrin Vβ3	[19]
	Fibronectin	Growth factors (PDGF, VEGF, FGF), phospholipids, gangliosides, acetylcholinesterase, factor XIIIa transglutaminase, fibrinogen, fibronectin, fibrin, collagens, fibulin-1, proteoglycans, thrombospondins, factor VIII	Syndecans and integrins	[20, 21]
	Proteoglycans	Growth factors (TGFβ, FGF, VEGF), morphogens (Wnt, BMP), cytokines (CCL2), fibronectin, collagens, laminins, tenascins	Growth factor receptors (VEGFR), L1CAM, integrins	[22]
	Tenascins	Growth factors (VEGF), cytokines (IL8), collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans	Growth factors receptors (EGFR), integrins, cell surface annexin II	[23]

DDR1 Discoidin domain-containing receptor 1, DDR2 Discoidin domain-containing receptor 2, TGFβ Transforming growth factor β, PDGF Platelet-derived growth factor, FGF Fibroblast growth factor, bFGF Basic fibroblast growth factor, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGFR Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, L1CAM L1 cell adhesion molecule, KGF Keratinocyte growth factor, IL2 Interleukin-2, EBP Elastin-binding protein, CCL2 C–C motif chemokine ligand 2, BMP Bone morphogenetic protein, EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor