Construct	Source
Trust in coworkers (TC)	Lin (2007)
TC1. I consider my coworkers as people who(m) can be trusted.
TC2. I consider my coworkers as people who(m) can be counted on to do what is right.
TC3. I consider my coworkers as people who(m) can be counted on to get the job done right.
TC4. I consider my coworkers as people who(m) are always faithful.
TC5. I consider my coworkers as people who(m) I have great confidence in.
Psychological safety (PS)	Liang et al. (2012)
PS1. In my work unit, I can express my true feelings regarding my job.
PS2. In my work unit, I can freely express my thoughts.
PS3. In my work unit, expressing your true feelings is welcomed.
PS4. Nobody in my unit will pick on me even if I have different opinions.
PS5. I’m worried that expressing true thoughts in my workplace would do harm to myself (reverse-coded).
Team virtuality (TV)	Chudoba et al. (2005)
Team distribution
TV1. I collaborate with team members in different time zones.
TV2. I work with team members via internet-based conferencing applications.
TV3. I collaborate with team members that I have never met face-to-face.
TV4. I collaborate with team members who speak different native languages or dialects than your own.
Workplace mobility
TV5. I work at different departments.
TV6. I have professional interactions with people outside the team.
TV7. I work with mobile devices.
TV8. I work at home during normal business days.
TV9. I work while traveling, for example, at airports or hotels.
Variety of practices
TV10. I work on projects that have changing team members.
TV11. I work with teams that have different ways to track their work.
TV12. I work with people that use different collaboration technologies.
Knowledge sharing self-efficacy (KSSE)	Lin et al. (2009)
KSSE1. I have confidence in my ability to provide knowledge that other members in this virtual community consider valuable.
KSSE2. I have the expertise, experiences, and insights needed to provide knowledge that is valuable for other members in this virtual community.
KSSE3. I have confidence in responding or adding comments to messages or articles posted by other members in this virtual community.
Knowledge sharing behavior (KSB)	Lin et al. (2009)
KSB1. I frequently participate in knowledge-sharing activities and share my knowledge with others in this virtual community.
KSB2. I usually spend a lot of time conducting knowledge-sharing activities in this virtual community.
KSB3. When discussing a complicated issue, I am usually involved in the subsequent interactions.