Table 3.
Included studies: details of injury and surgical repair
| Study | Site of injury (%) | Time from injury to medical presentation | Methods of repair | Requiring secondary surgical procedures (%) | Specialty performing repair | Dog known to patient (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Javaid et al. 10 |
Lip – 37.5 Nose – 17.5 Multiple – 30.0 Other – 15.0 |
<24 hours – 72.5% | Primary repair‐ 77.5% Reconstructive procedures (advancement flap/SSG/FTSG/Rhomboid Flap) – 22.5% | 2.5 (Necrosis of free composite lip graft requiring debridement and FTSG) | Plastic Surgery | Not reported |
| Wolff 11 |
Lip – 35.1 Cheek – 24.5 Nose – 14.9 Ears – 14.9 Other – 10.6 |
<24 hours – 81.9% |
Primary repair – 56.3% Reconstructive procedures: Local flap – 6.4% Reconstruction of helix of nose – 2.1% Supramalleolar flap – 2.1% |
8.5 (Secondary cosmetic correction of lips and cheeks; correction of cicatricial hypertrophy) | Maxillofacial Surgery | 75 |
| Mitchell et al. 12 | Multiple – 98.0 | Not reported |
Primary repair – 95.5% Reconstructive procedures:nasal reconstruction – 2.3% |
81 (average number of procedures per child was 3.8, including scar revision and revision cranioplasties) | ENT Surgery | 79 |
| Hersant et al. 13 |
Multiple – 71.4 In order of descending frequency: Cheek>Lips>Eyelid>Nose |
Not reported | Primary repair – 100% | 28.6 (Reconstructive procedures including: Cheiloplasty, FTSG, SSG) | Maxillofacial and plastic surgery | 96 |
| Macedo et al. 14 |
Zygmoa – 30.1 Scalp – 26.7 Front – 14.4 Nose – 10.3 Lip – 8.9 Ears – 6.2 Eyelids 3.4 |
<24 hours – 89.7% |
Primary repair – 69.8% Reconstructive procedures:grafting – 26.1% Local flap – 4.1% |
0 | Plastic surgery | Not reported |
| Chávez‐Serna et al. 15 |
Face – 63.1 (Lip and nose areas at 24.8%) Head and neck – 1.5 Multiple – 12.1 |
Not reported |
Primary repair – 74.3% Reconstructive procedures – 21.4% (Local flaps 16.8%). |
0 | Plastic surgery | Not reported |
| Piccart et al. 16 |
Lip – 47.5 Cheek – 27.4 Nose – 20.6 Periorbital – 12.1 |
Not reported |
Primary repair – 63.2% Reconstructive procedures – local flaps 6.8%, Skin graft – 26.7% |
4.5 (Secondary direct closure) | Maxillofacial surgery | Not reported |