FIGURE 1.

Significant increase in mRNA of adenylyl cyclase 1 in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cords of mice that have undergone chronic morphine administration. Mice were given systemic morphine or saline twice daily for 5 days (15 mg/kg, sc). (A) Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from morphine treated mice have elevated levels of Adcy1, Adcy3, Adcy5, and Rapgef4 mRNA compared to saline treated mice (one-sample t-test, n = 11–12/group). (B) Spinal cords from morphine treated mice have elevated levels of Adcy1 and Rapgef3 mRNA compared to saline treated mice (one-sample t-test, n = 14/group). Data are displayed as the Log2 fold change of morphine treated mice over the average of the saline treatment group, ±SEM,*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.