Table 4.

Summary of overall analyses of the effects of metformin.

Outcome title	No. of studies	No. of animals	Weighted mean difference		Heterogeneity
			95% CI	P-value	I 2	P-value
1 BBB scores	12	198
1.1 BBB scale at day 3	9	164	0.42 [−0.01, 0.85]	0.06	72	0.0004
1.2 BBB scale at day 7	12	198	1.41 [1.01, 1.80]	<0.00001	52	0.01
1.3 BBB scale at day 14	11	186	2.69 [1.92, 3.47]	<0.00001	82	<0.00001
1.4 BBB scale at day 21	8	120	3.89 [2.50, 5.28]	<0.00001	91	<0.00001
1.5 BBB scale at day 28	9	136	3.48 [2.04, 4.92]	<0.00001	94	<0.00001
2 Inclined plane test	5	68
2.1 Inclined plane test at day 3	4	46	1.00 [0.42, 1.58]	0.0008	0	0.63
2.2 Inclined plane test at day 7	5	68	1.18 [0.23, 2.12]	0.01	48	0.08
2.3 Inclined plane test at day 14	5	68	3.97 [0.84, 7.09]	0.01	88	<0.00001
2.4 Inclined plane test at day 21	4	52	6.97 [2.61, 11.33]	0.002	90	<0.00001
2.5 Inclined plane test at day 28	5	68	7.95 [3.33, 12.57]	0.0007	94	<0.00001
3 Tissue preservation area	4	54	13.29 [2.66, 23.93]	0.01	98	<0.00001
4 Number of anterior horn motor neurons	4	32	14.71 [3.30, 26.12]	0.01	97	<0.00001