Table I.
Baseline characteristics of included studies
| No. | Author | Study design | Town, country | Period | Total samples (n) | Male (%) | Age [years] | HTN (%) | CVD (%) | DM (%) | CKD (%) | COPD (%) | Smoking (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rivinius R, 2020 [18] | Prospective observational | Germany | n/a | 21 (8 vs. 13)) | 81 (n/a) | 58.6 ±12.3 (n/a) | 71.4 (n/a) | n/a | 33.3 (n/a) | 28.6 (n/a) | 19.0 (n/a) | n/a |
| 2 | Rath D, 2020 [19] | Prospective observational | Germany | Feb–Mar, 2020 | 123 (16 vs. 107) | 62.6 (75.0 vs. 60.7) | 68 ±15 (73 ±16 vs. 67 ±15) | 69.9 (75 vs. 69.2) | CAD: 22.8 (37.5 vs. 20.6); AFib: 22.8 (25 vs. 22.4) |
24.4 (31.3 vs. 23.4) | 11.4 (12.5 vs. 11.2) | n/a | 0.8 (0.0 vs. 0.9) |
| 3 | Pagnesi M, 2020 [7] | Retrospective observational | Milan, Italy | Mar 24– Apr 29, 2020 | 200 (Mor: 19 vs. 181; ICU: 7 vs. 193; MV: 7 vs. 193; comp 25 vs. 175) | 65.5 (n/a) | 63.67 ±14.19 (n/a) | 42.0 (n/a) | MI: 8.5 (n/a); HF: 3.5 (n/a) | 18.5 (n/a) | 7.5 (n/a) | 5.5 (n/a) | 20.5 (n/a) |
| 4 | Mahmoud-Elsayed HM, 2020 [20] | Retrospective observational | UK | Mar 22– Apr 17, 2020 | 74 (Mor 28 vs. 46; MV 61 vs. 13) | 78 (n/a) | 59 ±13 (n/a) | 42.0 (n/a) | 9 (n/a) | 36 (n/a) | 11 (n/a) | 14 (n/a) | 7 (n/a) |
| 5 | Li Y, 2020 [11] | Prospective observational | Tongji, China | Feb 12– Mar 15, 2020 | 150 (18 vs. 132) | 48 (n/a) | 61 ±14 (n/a) | 40 (n/a) | 9.2 (n/a) | 11.7 (n/a) | 14.2 (n/a) | 5.0 (n/a) | 5.0 (n/a) |
| 6 | Moody WE, 2020 [12] | Retrospective observational | UK | Mar 16– May 9, 2020 | 164 (66 vs. 98) | 78 (n/a) | 61 ±13 (n/a) | 41 (n/a) | 13 (n/a) | 32 (n/a) | 12 (n/a) | 12 (n/a) | 13 (n/a) |
| 7 | Krishnamoorthy P, 2020 [21] | Retrospective observational | New York, USA | n/a | 12 (5 vs. 7) | 41.7 (60 vs. 28.6) | 48.67 ±25.99 (59.67 ±6.03 vs. 45.67 ±29.39) | 58.3 (60 vs. 57.1) | 16.7 (40 vs. 0) | 33.3 (40 vs. 28.6) | 16.7 (0 vs. 28.6) | 8.3 (0 vs. 14.3) | n/a |
| 8 | Kim M, 2020 [22] | Prospective-retrospective observational | South Korea | Feb–Apr 2020 | 40 (13 vs. 27) | 50 (53.8 vs. 48.1) | 57.55 ±15.88 (67.67 ±8.31 vs. 52.67 ±16.44) | 37.5 (61.5 vs. 25.9) | 0 vs. 0 | 17.5 (30.8 vs. 11.1) | 2.5 (0 vs. 3.7) | 2.5 (0 vs. 3.7) | n/a |
| 9 | Zeng JH, 2020 [23] | Retrospective observational | Shen zhen, China | Jan 11, 2020– Apr 1, 2020 | 416 (35 vs. 381); sample with ECHO: 57 (31 vs. 26) | 47.6 (65.71 vs. 45.93) | 46.58 ±17.97 (63.83 ±6.57 vs. 45 ±17.86) | 14.42 (37.14 vs. 12.34) | CAD: 3.13 (5.71 vs. 2.89); Arrhythmia: 0.96 (5.71 vs. 0.52); VHD: 0.48 (2.86 vs. 0.26) | 5.53 (28.57 vs. 3.41) | 0.48 (0 vs. 0.52) | 1.2 (2.86 vs. 1.05) | n/a |
| 10 | Ge H, 2020 [17] | Prospective observational | Shang Hai, China | Jan 21, 2020–Apr 8 2020 | 51 (12 vs. 39) | 72.55 (71.8 vs. 75) | 69 ±16.02 (71.08 ±19.08 vs. 67.67 ±15.39) | 43.1 (50 vs. 41) | 64.7 (50 vs. 69.2) | 13.4 (16.7 vs. 35.9) | 23.5 (8.3 vs. 28.2) | 13.7 (16.7 vs. 12.8) | 13.7 (8.3 vs. 15.4) |
| 11 | Giustino G, 2020 [24] | Retrospective observational | New York, USA | Mar–May 2020 | 305 (190 vs. 115), sample with echo/myocardial injury: 190 (50 vs. 140) | 67.2 (69.5 vs. 63.5) | 63 ±14.9 (65.33 ±13.45 vs. 58.33 ±17.27) | 59.3 (68.4 vs. 44.4) | MI: 7.4 (8.6 vs. 5.4); HF: 7.9 (10 vs. 4.4); Afib: 10.2 (11.6 vs. 7.9) | 37.4 (42.1 vs. 29.6) | 19.3 (25.8 vs. 8.7) | 5.9 (5.3 vs. 7) | n/a |
| 12 | Stöbe S, 2020 [25] | Retrospective observational | Germany | Apr 2020 | 18 (14 vs. 4) | 78 (79 vs. 25) | 64 ±19.1 (71 ±15.2 vs. 41 ±11.8) | 72 (86 vs. 25) | CAD: 11 (14 vs. 0); Afib: 22 (29 vs. 0); VHD: 0 | 28 (29 vs. 25) | 39 (50 vs. 0) | 5 (7 vs. 0) | 10.1 (21.8 vs. 7.9) |
| 13 | Barman HA, 2020 [26] | Retrospective observational | Istanbul, Turkey | Mar 25– Apr 15 2020 | 90 (44 vs. 46) | 51.1 (54 vs. 47) | 56.35 ±19.91 (63.3 ±15.7 vs. 49.7 ±21.4) | 35.6 (52 vs. 19) | n/a | 15.6 (22 vs. 8) | n/a | n/a | 56.7 (59 vs. 55) |
| 14 | Kim J, 2020 [13] | Retrospective observational | New York, USA | Mar 12, 2020, and May 17, 2020 | 268 (41 vs. 227) | 66 (73 vs. 60) | 66 ±14.13 (66 ±15 vs. 65 ± 14) | 63 (71 vs. 64) | 20 (22 vs. 20) | 41 (39 vs. 39) | n/a | 6 (5 vs. 8) | 24 (24 vs. 22) |
| 15 | Deng Q, 2020 [27] | Retrospective observational | Wuhan, China | Jan 6–Feb 20 2020 | 112 (67 vs. 45) | Sev: 50.9 (56.7 vs. 42.2), Comp (61.3 vs. 46.9) | 61.6 ±16.37 (67.33 ±15.15 vs. 54 ±21.44) | Sev: 32.1 (35.8 vs. 26.7); Comp: 38.7 vs. 29.6 | Sev CHD: 13.4 (16.4 vs. 8.9); AFib: 3.6 (3 vs. 4.4); Comp: CHD (19.4 vs. 11.1), AF (3.2 vs. 3.7) | Sev: 17 (20.9 vs. 11.1); Comp: (22.6 vs. 14.8) | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 16 | Liu Y, 2020 [28] | Retrospective observational | Peking, China | Jan 26– Apr 15 2020 | 43 (22 vs. 21) | 51.2 (68.2 vs. 33.3) | 64.5 ±10 (64.9 ±10.4 vs. 64.1 ±9.8) | 44.2 (40.9 vs. 47.6) | CAD: 11.63 (18.2 vs. 4.8); HF: 7 (9.1 vs. 4.8) | 27.9 (22.7 vs. 33.3) | n/a | n/a | 37.2 (40.9 vs. 33.3) |
Data were presented as poor vs.. good outcome. AFib – atrial fibrillation, CAD – coronary artery disease, CHD – congenital heart disease, Comp – composite, HF – heart failure, ICU – intensive care unit, MI – myocardial infarction, Mor – mortality, MV – mechanical ventilation, n/a – not available, Sev – severity, VHD – valvular heart disease.