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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 16.

Published in final edited form as: Chronobiol Int. 2017 Jan 19;34(3):318–336. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2016.1256298

Figure 5. — HFD alters AhR target gene expression in WT mice. Liver samples were collected at each ZT followed by RNA extraction. Protein was extracted from samples at two time points and AhR was detected by Western blot. Quantitative PCR was used to measure mRNA levels. Amplitude and phase of oscillation were determined by cosinor analysis and are listed in Table 2. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in mean expression levels. AhR was reduced in AhR+/− mice (p < 0.01) at all times of day. Diet did not change levels of AhR, p = 0.386 and AhR+/− mice (A) p = 0.086. AhR protein was decreased in AhR+/− mice (p < 0.01). There was an interaction between ZT and genotype (p < 0.05). * indicates significance with p < 0.05. AhR target genes Cyp1a1 in WT and AhR+/− mice showed a difference between genotypes (p < 0.01) (B); there was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05 as indicated by *). Cyp1B1 was decreased in AhR+/− mice (C) p = 0.002. There was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05 as indicated by *). Per 1 was elevated at ZT 8 and 12 in AhR+/− mice compared to WT. Diet had no effect and there was no interaction between diet and genotype (D). Bmal1 was elevated in in AhR+/− mice at ZT0, 4 and 20 compared to WT mice (* indicates p < 0.05) (E). There was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05). Cry1 was elevated at ZT0 in AhR+/− mice (F); there was an effect of genotype and diet. * indicates p < 0.05. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. N = 3 per ZT.

Figure 5. — HFD alters AhR target gene expression in WT mice. Liver samples were collected at each ZT followed by RNA extraction. Protein was extracted from samples at two time points and AhR was detected by Western blot. Quantitative PCR was used to measure mRNA levels. Amplitude and phase of oscillation were determined by cosinor analysis and are listed in Table 2. Two-way ANOVA was used to explore differences in mean expression levels. AhR was reduced in AhR+/− mice (p < 0.01) at all times of day. Diet did not change levels of AhR, p = 0.386 and AhR+/− mice (A) p = 0.086. AhR protein was decreased in AhR+/− mice (p < 0.01). There was an interaction between ZT and genotype (p < 0.05). * indicates significance with p < 0.05. AhR target genes Cyp1a1 in WT and AhR+/− mice showed a difference between genotypes (p < 0.01) (B); there was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05 as indicated by *). Cyp1B1 was decreased in AhR+/− mice (C) p = 0.002. There was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05 as indicated by *). Per 1 was elevated at ZT 8 and 12 in AhR+/− mice compared to WT. Diet had no effect and there was no interaction between diet and genotype (D). Bmal1 was elevated in in AhR+/− mice at ZT0, 4 and 20 compared to WT mice (* indicates p < 0.05) (E). There was an interaction between diet and genotype (p < 0.05). Cry1 was elevated at ZT0 in AhR+/− mice (F); there was an effect of genotype and diet. * indicates p < 0.05. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. N = 3 per ZT.