Table 2. Adjusted Association of Predictors With Insomnia, 2 Midwestern Universities, 2019.
| Predictor | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) | .26 |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | .09 |
| Female | 1.93 (0.90–4.17) | |
| Race | ||
| All othersa | 1 [Reference] | .35 |
| White | 0.61 (0.21–1.73) | |
| Marital status | ||
| Not married | 1 [Reference] | .19 |
| Married | 1.51 (0.82–2.80) | |
| Level of education | ||
| Undergraduate | 1 [Reference] | .96 |
| Professional or graduate | 0.98 (0.39–2.48) | |
| Employment | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | .04b |
| Yes | 2.10 (1.05–4.18) | |
| Physical activity | ||
| <2 d/wk | 1 [Reference] | .88 |
| ≥2 d/wk | 0.94 (0.38–2.31) | |
| Caffeine consumption | ||
| <6 cups/d | 1 [Reference] | .17 |
| ≥6 cups/d | 0.33 (0.07–1.60) | |
| Alcohol use | ||
| Never or some days | 1 [Reference] | .87 |
| Every day | 0.81 (0.07–9.54) | |
| Smoking status | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | .36 |
| Yes | 1.55 (0.61–3.96) | |
| Number of chronic non–mental health conditions | 1.65 (1.08–2.52) | .02b |
| Anxiety | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | .13 |
| Yes | 1.71 (0.85–3.42) | |
| Depression | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | <.001c |
| Yes | 9.54 (4.50–20.26) | |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder | ||
| No | 1 [Reference] | .004d |
| Yes | 3.48 (1.48–8.19) | |
a
All other races included Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, and any other racial group.
b
P value between .01 and <.05.
c
P < .001.
d
P value between .001 and <.01.