Table 1.
Lassa fever vaccines in development, including progress from 2019 review by Salami et al.
| S/N | Vaccine technology | LASV antigen | Stage of development | Development partners | Progression from Salami et al’s 2019 research |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rVSVN4CT1-LASV (VesiculoVaxTM Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vector) (Salami et al., 2019) | Preclinical | Profectus Biosciences; University of Texas Medical Branch | - | |
| 2 | ML29 L-AttV, rLCMV(IGR/S-S) (Mopiea/ Lassa reassortant) (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC, NP | Preclinical | The Scripps Research Institute, USA | - |
| 3 | VSV∆G/LASVGPC (VSV vector) (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Clinical | International Aids Vaccines Initiative; Public Health Agency of Canada | Phase I clinical trial ongoing. Funding for phase II announced |
| 4 | RABV-Lassa virus vaccine candidate GPC (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Preclinical | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Health (NIH) | - |
| 5 | YF 17D GPC (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Preclinical | Texas Biomedical Research Institute; University of Louisville; Leiden University Medical Center | - |
| 6 | ML29 virus – reassortant encodes major immunogenic proteins from LASV and RNA polymerase and Z protein from MOPV (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC+NP | Preclinical | Medigen, Inc. (technology licensed from the University of Maryland); NIAID | - |
| 7 | Live attenuated rLCMV/CD (Based on Codon Deoptimization) (Salami et al., 2019) | - | Preclinical | The Scripps Research Institute, University of Rochester, USA | - |
| 8 | GPC441-449 subunit (Salami et al., 2019) | - | Preclinical | Emergent Biosolutions, University of Vermont, California and The Scripps Research Institute | - |
| 9 | LASV VLP (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC, NP, Z Matrix | Preclinical | Tulane University Health Sciences Center; Autoimmune 10Technologies, LLC; Corgenix Medical Corporation; Vybion, Inc.,; United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) | - |
| 10 | HLA-A02 and 10 HLA-A03-restricted epitopes (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Preclinical | The University of Vermont College of Medicine; University of California; Pharmexa-Epimmune | - |
| 11 | VaxCelerate subunit (Salami et al., 2019) | GP1, GP2 | Preclinical | Massachusetts General Hospital; EpiVax, Inc.; 21st Century Biochemicals; University of Washington; MPI Research; Pfenex Inc. | - |
| 12 | RABV based on chemically inactivated rabies virus containing Lassa Virus coGPC (LASSARAB) ; (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Preclinical | Thomas Jefferson University; NIAID; The Geneva Foundation; USAMRIID; IDT Biologika GmbH; Infectious disease research institute (IDRI) | Ready for progress to trials on NHP’s |
| 13 | PODS Lassa 1; (Salami et al., 2019) | GPC | Preclinical | Cell Guidance Systems; University of Cambridge; Imperial College London; Department of Health - UK | - |
| 14 | MV-LASV (recombinant measles virus vaccine expressing Lassa virus antigens) (Ramsauer et al., 2015); (Mateo et al., 2019) | GPC + NP, GPC + Z protein | Clinical | Institut Pasteur; Themis Bioscience GmbH | Progressed to clinical trials |
| 15 | MOPEVAC (Modified Mopeia virus expressing antigens of pathogenic arenaviruses) (Carnec et al., 2018) | GPC | Preclinical | Institut Pasteur | |
| 16 | Alphavirus replicon encoding LASV genes (Pushko Peter et al., 2001) | GPCwt | Preclinical | Medigen, Inc.; University of Louisville, United States USAMRIID | |
| 17 | Lassa GPCclamp (molecular clamp technology) (Salami et al., 2019) (Chappell et al., 2021) | GPC | Phase I | The University of Queensland; Australian Government – National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) | Progressed to clinical trials |
| 18 | ChAdOx1 Lassa (Ewer et al., 2017) (Fischer et al., 2021) | Preclinical | Oxford University | Progressed to trials on NHPs | |
| 19 | MVA Lassa (LassaVac) (Public Health England, n.d.) | Preclinical | Oxford University National Infection Service, Public Health England | ||
| 20 | ChAdOx1-biLAMA (Ewer et al., 2017) | Preclinical | Oxford University/Jansen | ||
| 21 | Viral genome rearrangement for the development of live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines (Cheng et al., 2015) | Preclinical | University of Rochester; The Scripps Research Institute | ||
| 22 | Single cycle infectious viruses as live attenuated arenavirus vaccines (Cheng et al., 2017) | Preclinical | University of Rochester; The Scripps Research Institute | ||
| 23 | Digitally designed Immune Optimized and Selected-Lassa, Ebola, Marburg (in silico design of antigen sequences) (Wagner, 2018) | Preclinical | University of Cambridge; University of Regensberg; Department of Health-UK | ||
| 24 | GEO-LM01 (Labs, n.d.) | Preclinical | GeoVax; The Scripps Research Institute; University of Maryland | Ready to progress to clinical trials | |
| 25 | pLASV-GPC is a DNA plasmid vaccine (Cashman et al., 2017) (Cai, Iwasaki, et al., 2020) | First in human | Inovio Pharmaceuticals; USAMRIID | ||
| 26 | MVA-VLP-TV vaccine (Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccine (Ebola, Sudan, Marburg, Lassa) (Labs, n.d.) (Jiang et al., 2021) | GPC | Preclinical | GeoVax; USAMRIID | Ready to progress to clinical trials |