TABLE 10.

Characteristics and metabolic parameters of male adult offspring culled on postnatal day 100 according to the maternal diet (control or high-fat diet) and the gel treatment during pregnancy [fish oil or control (no oil gel)].

	Maternal control diet		Maternal high-fat diet		Effect of diet	Effect of treatment	Diet vs. treatment interaction
	Control	Fish oil	Control	Fish oil	p1	p1	p1
n	15	17	12	12
Weight (g)	457.5 (9.5)	514.2 (8.3)**	488.2 (11.6)	500.6 (8.7)	0.51	0.001	0.03
Liver weight (% body weight)	2.6 (0.1)	2.7 (0.1)	2.6 (0.1)	2.7 (0.1)	0.67	0.18	0.52
Retroperitoneal fat (% body weight)	1.6 (0.2)	1.7 (0.1)	1.9 (0.1)	1.9 (0.2)	0.09	0.24	0.97
Glucose homeostasis
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	5.8 (0.2)	6.1 (0.2)	6.1 (0.2)	6.4 (0.3)	0.19	0.12	0.85
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	248 (44)	288 (64)	335 (76)*	320 (52)	0.04	0.31	0.91
HOMA-IR	3.6 (0.7)	4.7 (1.3)	5.2 (1.2)	5.1 (0.9)	0.01	0.38	0.89
Biochemical analysis
ALP (U/l)	98.7 (4.5)	99.1 (6.8)	99.3 (7.1)	103.5 (6.6)	0.83	0.43	0.31
ALT (U/l)	46.6 (2.0)	51.0 (2.6)	49.0 (2.7)	51.5 (2.2)	0.34	0.07	0.99
AST (U/l)	130.9 (7.2)	153.5 (11.8)	142.9 (7.6)	136.7 (8.5)	0.95	0.26	0.27
Free fatty acids (mmol/l)	0.55 (0.02)	0.64 (0.03)	0.66 (0.04)	0.60 (0.03)	0.25	0.89	0.01
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	1.7 (0.1)	1.7 (0.1)	1.9 (0.1)	2.1 (0.1)	0.01	0.33	0.25
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.2 (0.1)	1.2 (0.1)	1.2 (0.1)	1.4 (0.1)	0.10	0.34	0.41
LDL-C (mmol/l)	0.3 (0.03)	0.3 (0.02)	0.3 (0.13)	0.4 (0.11)	0.02	0.81	0.01
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	0.7 (0.9)	0.6 (1.3)	0.6 (0.8)	0.7 (1.0)	0.99	0.06	0.58
Other
Leptin (ng/ml)	4.0 (0.4)	5.3 (0.6)	4.5 (0.4)	4.8 (0.5)	0.98	0.11	0.30
Adiponectin (ng/ml)	6392 (444)	7539 (519)	6561 (488)	6182 (596)	0.19	0.17	0.38

Data are means (SE). p values ≤ 0.05 are bold. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.005 vs. Con-Con. p¹ represents p-value of two-way ANOVA with factors including diet and treatment interaction.