Table 1. Descriptive statistics of the navigation assessment, its subscores, and other cognitive tests.

Rotation score: items 5–12 with at least one turn; No turn score: items 1–4 without turns; Single turn score: items 5–7 with one 90° turn; Double turn score: items 8–9 with two 90° turns; Full turn score: items 10–12 with one 180° turn.

Test	n	$\overline{\mathit{M}}$	SD	$\tilde{\mathit{M}}$	MAD	Min	Max	Range	SE	s 2	γ 1	${\mathit{z}}_{{\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathbf{1}}}$	γ 2	${\mathit{z}}_{{\mathit{\gamma }}_{\mathbf{2}}}$
Navigation assessment	34	18.53	3.08	18.50	3.71	11	24	13	0.53	9.47	-0.34	-0.83	-0.47	-0.60
Rotation score	34	11.91	2.39	12.00	2.97	7	16	9	0.41	5.72	-0.16	-0.39	-1.03	-1.30
No turn score	34	6.65	1.25	7.00	1.48	4	8	4	0.21	1.57	-0.50	-1.25	-0.93	-1.18
Single turn score	34	5.85	0.44	6.00	0.00	4	6	2	0.07	0.19	-2.89	-7.17	7.93	10.06
Double turn score	34	1.79	1.20	2.00	1.48	0	4	4	0.21	1.44	0.18	0.45	-0.99	-1.26
Full turn score	34	4.26	1.29	4.00	1.48	2	6	4	0.22	1.66	-0.15	-0.38	-1.22	-1.55
Block span forward	34	7.74	1.68	7.50	2.22	5	12	7	0.29	2.81	0.71	1.76	-0.19	-0.25
Block span backward	34	7.41	1.62	7.00	1.48	5	11	6	0.28	2.61	0.68	1.68	-0.47	-0.60
Visual learning	33	6.73	2.15	7.00	1.48	1	10	9	0.38	4.64	-0.58	-1.45	-0.32	-0.41
Visual recognition	33	7.76	2.09	8.00	1.48	2	10	8	0.36	4.38	-0.94	-2.33	0.15	0.19
Mental rotation	34	9.35	1.45	10.00	1.48	6	11	5	0.25	2.11	-0.38	-0.93	-1.07	-1.36

Notes. γ₁ = skewness, $z_{{\gamma }_1}=Z$ score skewness, γ₂ = excess kurtosis, $z_{{\gamma }_2}=Z$ score excess kurtosis