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. 2022 Sep 16;17(9):e0274703. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274703

Table 4. Hazard ratios for cancer-related mortality.

Model not adjusted for cancer stage Model adjusted for cancer stage
AHR (95%CI) p-value AHR (95%CI) p-value
Status at diagnosis
    Never incarcerated 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
    Incarcerated 1.73 (1.40–2.15) <0.001 1.39 (1.12–1.73) 0.003
    Post-release (≤12 months) 1.91 (1.65–2.21) <0.001 1.82 (1.57–2.10) <0.001
Age
    18–30 years 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
    >30–50 years 2.37 (2.12–2.66) <0.001 2.31 (2.06–2.58) <0.001
    >50–70 year 4.64 (4.15–5.18) <0.001 4.14 (3.71–4.63) <0.001
    >70 years 9.75 (8.73–10.89) <0.001 8.00 (7.16–8.93) <0.001
Race and ethnicity
    Non-Hispanic White 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
    Non-Hispanic Black 1.26 (1.22–1.30) <0.001 1.15 (1.12–1.18) <0.001
    Hispanic 1.00 (0.96–1.03) 0.84 0.92 (0.89–0.95) <0.001
    Other 0.56 (0.52–0.60) <0.001 0.52 (0.49–0.56) <0.001
Gender
    Male 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
    Female 0.93 (0.91–0.94) <0.001 0.93 (0.92–0.94) <0.001
Cancer type
    Not screenable cancer 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
    Screenable* cancer 0.29 (0.28–0.29) <0.001 0.49 (0.48–0.50) <0.001
Cancer stage
    Localized --- --- 1.00 (ref)
    Regional --- --- 3.06 (2.99–3.13) <0.001
    Distant --- --- 6.70 (6.55–6.84) <0.001
    Unknown/unstaged --- --- 7.53 (7.31–7.76) <0.001

Note: AHR = Adjusted hazard ratio; 95%CI = 95 percent confidence interval

* screenable cancer types include breast, colorectal, cervical, and prostate.