Table 2.

Comparison of TCTP-PTD with TAT-PTD.

	TCTP-PTD	TAT-PTD
Sequence	MIIYRDLISH (TCTP 1-10)	GRKKRRQRRR (Tat 48-57)
Class	Hydrophobic PTD	Cationic PTD
Origin	Human TCTP (a housekeeping protein)	HIV-1 Tat (a transactivator of transcription)
Mechanism (Unconjugated)	Lipid-raft/caveolae-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis (Kim et al. 2011b, 2015)	Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (Richard et al., 2005)
Cell-surface binding (Kim et al., 2011b)	Heparan sulfate-independent uptake	Heparan sulfate-dependent uptake
Localization	Non-nuclear localization (Cytoplasm/Cytoskeleton) (Kim et al. 2011b, 2015)	Nuclear localization (Chauhan et al., 2007)
Kinetics (Kim et al., 2011b)	Relatively efficient at higher concentration in later time points	Relatively efficient at lower concentration in earlier time points