miR-223-3p in ADSCs was delivered to NCTC1469 mouse hepatocytes through EVs. a, The expression of miR-223-3p in EVs from different sources obtained from EVmiRNA database, wherein the x-axis indicates the type of EVs, and the y-axis indicates the expression value. b, ADSCs observed by inverted phase contrast microscope after H&E staining. c, The expression of surface markers CD49d, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD45, and CD106 in isolated ADSCs detected by flow cytometry. d, ADSCs stained with Alizarin Red S and oil red O of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. e, ADSC-EVs observed under a TEM. f, The size and concentration of ADSC-EVs detected by NTA. g, The expression of EV surface markers Hsp70, TSG101, and CD81 and endoplasmic reticulum marker Calnexin determined by Western blot analysis. h, The expression of miR-223-3p in ADSC-EVs determined by RT-qPCR. i, The uptake of ADSC-EVs by NCTC1469 cells at 6 h and 12 h observed by immunofluorescence staining, with EVs labelled by PKH67 in green and nuclei stained with DAPI in blue. j, The expression of miR-223-3p in NCTC1469 cells co-cultured with ADSC-EVs determined by RT-qPCR. Measurement data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, * p < 0.05. Independent sample t test was used to analyse the data between two groups, and the cell experiment was repeated three times.