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. 2022 Sep 13;11(1):2120676. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2022.2120676

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© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Modulation of the tumor microenvironment: enzyme-dependent, immune checkpoint inhibitor-dependent and cytokine-dependent pathways (Made with Biorender). Treg: regulatory-T cell, MDSC: myeloid-derived suppressor cell, TAM2: tumor associated macrophages of phenotype 2, CAF: cancer associated fibroblast, M1: macrophage of phenotype 1, NK: Natural killer cells, CD8: CD8 + T cell, CD4: CD4 + T cell, DC: Dendritic cell, IDO: Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, COX2: Cyclo-oxygenase type 2, PGE2: Prostaglandin E2, VEGF-A: Vascular endothelial growth factor A., TGFβ: Transforming growth factor beta, TNFa: Tumor necrosis factor alfa, IL-(r): Interleukin (receptor).