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. 2022 Sep 2;13:939448. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939448

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Copyright © 2022 Raffo, Sarup, Andersen, Orabi, Jahoor and Jensen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Barplot of predictive abilities (PAs) for protein content in leave-one-year-location-out (CV1, upper panel) and leave-one-breeding-cycle-out (CV2, lower panel) cross-validations. M2: line + genomic [SNPs] additive effect + spatial effect + line × environment interaction. M3 expand M2 by adding a genomic [SNPs] additive × ECs interaction. M4 expand M2 to the multi-trait case. M4-TA is the M4 using trait-assisted (TA) genomic prediction. M5 expand M3 to the multi-trait case. M5-TA is the M4 using TA genomic prediction. Black bars are the 95% confidence interval. Differences in the letter above the bar represent significant differences between models (P-value < 0.01). Green lines are the theoretical maximum PAs.