Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

References	Date of publication	Years	Design	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria	Total sample size
Dabbs et al. [9]	2009	2002–2007	Retrospective Single center	Hepatic trauma AE as initial management	–	538
Kong et al. [10]	2014	2002–2011	Retrospective Single center	Blunt liver injuries Selective AE Hemodynamic stability or stabilized	Penetrating injuries Hemodynamically unstable patients and/or unstable hemodynamics during NOM	–
Letoublon et al. [11]	2011	1999–2008	Retrospective Single center	Nonpenetrating liver injuries Hemodynamic stability or stabilized	Hemodynamic unstability	183
Li et al. [12]	2014	2007–2012	Retrospective Single center	Liver trauma Hemodynamic stability	Hemodynamic unstability	268
Misselbeck et al. [7]	2009	1997–2005	Retrospective Single center	Liver injuries	–	707
Mohr et al.	2003	1995–2002	Retrospective Single center	Hepatic injury	–	866
Monnin et al.	2007	2000–2005	Retrospective Single center	Blunt hepatic trauma	–	84
Saltzherr et al.	2010	1995–2001 2002–2008	Retrospective Single center	Liver injuries	Initially treated at other hospitals	116
Sekine et al.	2018	2000–2010	Retrospective Multicenter	Blunt hepatic injuries	–	72
Wahl et al. [13]	2002	1997–2001	Retrospective Multicenter	Blunt hepatic injuries	–	126
Xu et al. [14]	2017	1998–2015	Retrospective Single center	Blunt hepatic trauma	Patients who died shortly after arriving at the hospital Penetrating trauma Iatrogenic misadventures	683
TOT						3643