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. 2022 Sep 16;12:15572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19759-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Abiotic factors used in this study. (a) Continental area and perimeter, (b) the resulting Shoreline Development Index (SDI), as well as (c) regional and global average temperature through geological time. Time intervals with major seas/wetlands and climatic events referred to in the text are marked by gray bars. Note that the last time bin (0–5 Myr ago) was omitted; see Methods for details. BW, Bighorn wetlands; MECO, Middle Eocene Climate Optimum; MCO, Miocene Climate Optimum; WIS, Western Interior Seaway.