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. 2022 Sep 16;12:15565. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19413-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Image analysis workflow. (a) For each OCT volume, all b-scans were segmented for RPE-loss (orange), photoreceptor degeneration (blue), hypertransmission (red), and RPE and outer retinal atrophy (RORA; green). RORA is taken to be overlapping regions of the three former features i.e. co-occurrence as per a-scan. Exemplar segmentation of a single b-scan and its axis along en face fundus photograph. (b) Resultant feature probability maps from total volume segmentations collectively presented by projection onto en face fundus photograph. Colour legends represent target feature probability. Manual central foveal point annotation permitted interpolation of a given voxel’s localisation in relation to the fovea. (c) ETDRS regions were also considered wherein the macula is considered as a 6 mm diameter circle divided into 9 areas: central foveal area (1 mm diameter); 4 parafoveal (collectively span 3 mm diameter); and 4 perifoveal areas. (d) Here, the mean feature probability within each region is displayed.