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. 2022 Sep 16;12:15552. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-19855-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sampling scheme for leaves and caterpillars with an overview of the effect of individual variables on the composition and richness of the associated bacteria and fungi. For significant variables, the order of their significance in the respective analyses is given based on Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), stepwise forward selection from permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (richness) and generalized linear models with Gamma distribution (composition). Only the significant interactions are shown.