Table 1.
Characteristics of benzodiazepine and related drug users experiencing an unintentional traumatic injury.
| Benzodiazepine and Related Drugs (N = 76,700 persons in totala) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alprazolam | Chlordiazepoxide | Clobazam | Clonazepam | Clorazepate | Diazepam | Eszopiclone | Flurazepam | ||
| Persons | Count | 17,033 | 939 | 36 | 13,351 | 440 | 966 | 2891 | 254 |
| Days of observation period, per person | Median (Q1–Q3) | 64.0 (37.0–229.0) | 37.0 (20.0–100.0) | 48.0 (32.0–343.0) | 95.0 (37.0–250.0) | 53.0 (37.0–150.0) | 29.0 (10.0–77.0) | 68.0 (37.0–191.0) | 60.5 (37.0–164.5) |
| Days of observation | Count | 3,729,726 | 71,806 | 1734 | 2,529,898 | 59,172 | 851,794 | 374,719 | 14,403 |
| Age in years | Median (Q1–Q3) | 64.5 (50.0–76.3) | 60.2 (48.7–73.0) | 49.7 (29.5–60.7) | 60.6 (47.6–72.7) | 68.6 (56.1–77.6) | 57.9 (45.7–70.4) | 58.3 (47.8–71.7) | 58.4 (49.4–73.5) |
| Sex, count (%) | Female | 11,884 (69.8) | 441 (59.8) | 7 (63.6) | 7657 (66.5) | 259 (76.4) | 5061 (61.1) | 1457 (65.8) | 71 (68.3) |
| Race, count (%) | White | 12,075 (70.9) | 504 (68.4) | 4 (36.4) | 8165 (71.0) | 227 (67.0) | 5819 (70.2) | 1680 (75.8) | 71 (68.3) |
| African American | 1495 (8.8) | 53 (7.2) | 2 (18.2) | 1017 (8.8) | 18 (5.3) | 764 (9.2) | 159 (7.2) | 6 (5.8) | |
| Hispanic | 1360 (8.0) | 62 (8.4) | 3 (27.3) | 836 (7.3) | 34 (10.0) | 557 (6.7) | 147 (6.6) | 6 (5.8) | |
| Asian | 188 (1.1) | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 124 (1.1) | 4 (1.2) | 94 (1.1) | 18 (0.8) | 3 (2.9) | |
| Unknown | 1915 (11.2) | 112 (15.2) | 2 (18.2) | 1366 (11.9) | 56 (16.5) | 1054 (12.7) | 211 (9.5) | 18 (17.3) | |
| Lorazepam | Oxazepam | Ramelteon | Suvorexant | Temazepam | Triazolam | Zaleplon | Zolpidem | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persons | Count | 13,004 | 6 | 550 | 527 | 4699 | 194 | 634 | 16,851 |
| Days of observation period, per person | Median (Q1–Q3) | 37.0 (25.0–137.0) | 92.0 (25.0–347.0) | 42.5 (37.0–121.0) | 63.0 (37.0–165.0) | 73.0 (37.0–192.0) | 65.0 (37.0–194.0) | 37.0 (37.0–99.0) | 62.0 (37.0–137.0) |
| Days of observation | Count | 2,025,647 | 1012 | 66,306 | 75,202 | 816,352 | 28,820 | 55,855 | 2,385,936 |
| Age in years | Median (Q1-Q3) | 72.0 (57.6–81.8) | 74.5 (58.3–83.6) | 67.2 (53.6–79.6) | 69.5 (59.8–77.9) | 70.1 (57.1–79.3) | 63.7 (50.2–76.5) | 56.9 (45.6–69.9) | 66.1 (52.3–76.5) |
| Sex, count (%) | Female | 9072 (69.8) | 5 (83.3) | 352 (64.0) | 376 (71.3) | 2992 (63.7) | 135 (69.6) | 427 (67.4) | 10,854 (64.4) |
| Race, count (%) | White | 9336 (71.8) | 5 (83.3) | 381 (69.3) | 353 (67.0) | 3171 (67.5) | 141 (72.7) | 466 (73.5) | 11,904 (70.6) |
| African American | 1105 (8.5) | 0 (0.0) | 63 (11.5) | 66 (12.5) | 416 (8.9) | 9 (4.6) | 44 (6.9) | 1516 (9.0) | |
| Hispanic | 884 (6.8) | 0 (0.0) | 39 (7.1) | 42 (8.0) | 484 (10.3) | 8 (4.1) | 31 (4.9) | 1203 (7.1) | |
| Asian | 160 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (1.6) | 6 (1.1) | 64 (1.4) | 2 (1.0) | 9 (1.4) | 293 (1.7) | |
| Unknown | 1519 (11.7) | 1 (16.7) | 58 (10.5) | 60 (11.4) | 564 (12.0) | 34 (17.5) | 84 (13.2) | 1935 (11.5) |
Q, quartile.
aA person may have contributed to multiple drug episodes in the analysis.
Estazolam, quazepam, and tasimelteon were examined but did not have eligible samples with statistically stable models because none of the base pair-candidate interacting precipitant combinations had ≥ 5 exposed patients.