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. 2022 Aug 5;42(9):741–753. doi: 10.1002/phar.2722

TABLE 1.

Summary of characteristics of studies included in the analysis

Study Design of study Duration of study Country Patient population Primary outcome Antibiotic indication Mode of AUC calculation Target AUC (mg*h/L) Target trough (mg/L) AKI definition Adjustment for confounders

D'Amico 2021 25

N = 1024

Retrospective, single center cohort study 2015–2019 USA Obese AKI for entire population and for subgroups by obesity class N/A Two‐level Pharmacokinetic equations 400–600 15–20 KDIGO, RIFLE classification Multivariable regression analysis

Eads 2021 26

N = 44

Retrospective quasi‐experimental 2018–2019 USA Veterans Safety and efficacy of AUC/MIC monitoring compared to a historical cohort N/A Trapezoidal rule 400–600 15–20 RIFLE and KDIGO No

Lines 2021 27

N = 156

Retrospective cohort 2013–2017 USA Adult inpatients Treatment failure a MRSA infections Institutional nomogram N/A 15–20 Vancomycin consensus guidelines No

Muklewicz 2021 28

N = 636

Retrospective quasi‐experimental 2019–2020 USA Adult inpatients Incidence of vancomycin‐associated AKI in the total population N/A Excel‐based calculator 400–600 15–20 AKIN classification, RIFLE classification, vancomycin consensus guidelines No

Wolfe 2021 29

N = 254

Retrospective, observational, single center 2017–2020 USA Obese Comparison of the development of nephrotoxicity after vancomycin initiation N/A Excel‐based calculator 400–600 10–20 KDIGO, RIFLE classification No

Oda 2020 30

N = 74

Retrospective cohort 2016–2020 Japan Adult med‐surg Incidence of AKI and 30‐day survival rate N/A Bayesian 400–600 15–20 AKIN classification, RIFLE classification Multivariable regression analysis

Vali 2020 31

N = 243

Retrospective quasi‐experimental 2017–2019 UK Vascular surgery Comparison of AUC24 values for the two groups a N/A Bayesian 350–450 10–20 KDIGO No

Meng 2019 34

N = 296

Prospective cohort 2017–2018 USA Hospitalized adults Achievement of therapeutic AUC values in the postimplementation group or therapeutic trough levels in the preimplementation group a N/A Trapezoidal rule 400–800 10–20 Vancomycin consensus guidelines No

Neely 2018 32

N = 252

Prospective cohort 2012–2016 USA Adult inpatients Determination of the proportion of all available trough concentrations that were therapeutic versus the proportion of all corresponding AUCs a N/A Bayesian 400–800 10–20 Vancomycin consensus guidelines No

Finch 2017 33

N = 1280

Retrospective quasi‐experimental 2014–2015 USA Hospitalized patients Comparative rate of acute kidney injury N/A Trapezoidal rule 400–600 15–20 AKIN classification, RIFLE classification, vancomycin consensus guidelines Multivariable regression analysis

Abbreviations: AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; AUC, area under the curve; KDIGO, Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; MRSA, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus; N/A, not available; RIFLE, Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of kidney function, and End‐stage kidney disease.

a

These studies did not report AKI as a primary outcome.