Table 2.
Serial CMR Markers During Extreme Endurance Event With Comparison to Healthy Control Cohort
| Healthy Cohort (n = 15) | Subject |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline (−2 Months) | Prerun (−2 Days) | Peak Run (+11 Days) | Convalescence (+2 Months) | ||
| Chamber volumes and global function | |||||
| LV EDV/height, mL/m | 92.3 ± 15.7 | 87.1 | 97.2 | 103.3 | 96.1 |
| LV ESV/height, mL/m | 34.0 ± 8.9 | 26.4 | 29.8 | 30.0 | 37.8 |
| LV CO, L/min | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 10.1 | 8.0 |
| LV EF, % | 64.1 ± 6.2 | 70 | 69 | 71 | 61 |
| LV mass/height, g/m | 61.5 ± 13.5 | 68.5 | 72.5 | 74.4 | 71.7 |
| RV EDV/height, mL/m | 99.7 ± 18.6 | 109.6 | 108.4 | 132.2 | 116.7 |
| RV ESV/height, mL/m | 43.3 ± 13.6 | 46.1 | 42.1 | 52.8 | 53.3 |
| RV CO, L/min | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 11 | 8.6 |
| RV EF, % | 57.3 ± 6.6 | 58 | 61 | 60 | 54 |
| LAVol max/height, mL/m | 38.2 ± 12.3 | 34.8 | 30.3 | 49.4 | 32.2 |
| LAVol min/height, mL/m | 17.9 ± 8.2 | 15.7 | 12.8 | 20.6 | 12.3 |
| LA EF, % | 63.5 ± 7.5 | 70 | 66 | 58 | 68 |
| LA booster EF, % | 24.6 ± 5.9 | 19 | 16 | 15 | 18 |
| RAVol max/height, mL/m | 57.0 ± 17.6 | 53.4 | 54.3 | 78.6 | 57.2 |
| RAVol min/height, mL/m | 29.8 ± 8.0 | 27.9 | 29.2 | 43.7 | 30.2 |
| RA EF, % | 45.6 ± 8.4 | 62 | 65 | 61 | 60 |
| 3D myocardial deformation analysis | |||||
| 3D peak systolic strain amplitude | |||||
| Circumferential | −15.2 ± 1.9 | −15.6 | −14.4 | −17.9 | −16.3 |
| Longitudinal | −14.3 ± 1.9 | −18.4 | −15.3 | −16.3 | −15.3 |
| 3D time to peak systolic strain, % cycle | |||||
| Circumferential | 40.7 ± 4.0 | 42.5 | 42.5 | 34.2 | 44.8 |
| Longitudinal | 41.4 ± 4.3 | 44.4 | 40.8 | 34.8 | 48.3 |
| 3D peak diastolic strain rate, 1/s | |||||
| Circumferential | −0.9 ± 0.1 | −1.4 | −1.1 | −1.5 | −1.3 |
| Longitudinal | −1.0 ± 1.0 | −1.5 | −1.3 | −1.5 | −1.1 |
| Diastolic wall thickness, mm | |||||
| Septal wall | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 7.1 |
| Lateral wall | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 7.1 |
| 4D-flow analysis | |||||
| LV flow component analysis | |||||
| Direct flow, % | 63 ± 20 | 64 | 67 | 50 | 60 |
| Delayed ejection, % | 11 ± 9 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 7 |
| Retained flow, % | 11 ± 9 | 17 | 13 | 10 | 7 |
| Residual volume, % | 16 ± 11 | 6 | 7 | 30 | 26 |
| Tissue mapping analysis | |||||
| Native T2 mapping | |||||
| Septal, ms | 42.1 ± 2.5 | 39.6 | 37.7 | 40.6 | 36.7 |
| Lateral, ms | 40.9 ± 3.7 | 38.4 | 38.7 | 38.4 | 38.2 |
| Native T1 mapping | |||||
| Septal, ms | 1,183.0 ± 40.0 | 1,204.0 | 1,185.6 | 1,260.4 | 1,191.0 |
| Lateral, ms | 1,166.2 ± 29.1 | 1,204.3 | 1,136.2 | 1,267.1 | 1,190.6 |
| Postcontrast T1 mapping | |||||
| Septal, ms | 657.0 ± 39.8 | 657.2 | — | — | 635.0 |
| Lateral, ms | 661.2 ± 39.3 | 665.1 | — | — | 645.7 |
| ECV, MOLLI | |||||
| Septal, % | 26.7 ± 1.9 | 28 | — | — | 31 |
| Lateral, % | 25.7 ± 2.2 | 28 | — | — | 30 |
Values are mean ± SD or n. Measurements were indexed to height, this being selected as a more stable reference for comparison of serial measurements throughout periods of extreme activity (associated with weight loss).
CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; CO = cardiac output; ECV = extracellular volume; EDV = end-diastolic volume; EF = ejection fraction; ESV = end-systolic volume; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; LAVol = left ventricular volume; RA = right atrium; RAVol = right ventricular volume; RV = right ventricle; MOLLI = Modified Look-Locker Imaging.