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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2022 Mar 17;8(11):4634–4638. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01450

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

A) The application of patterned light to photodegradable hydrogels results in local softening that guides crypt formation into the degraded region. B) Similarly, patterned light can temporarily induce viscoelasticity to modulate intestinal epithelial shape, allowing intrinsic morphogenic programming to dictate crypt morphology. C) Irradiation of shape morphing hydrogels causes a macroscale deformation that guides crypt formation. D) Photostiffening reactions are used to generate locally stiff regions that confine intestinal crypts to the patterned shape.