Table 1. Characteristics of Ontario, Canada, Residents With at Least 1 ED Visit for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome During the Study.
| Characteristic | Period, No. (%)a | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prelegalization (n = 3028)b | Legalization (n = 2349)c | Commercialization (n = 3804)d | Overall (N = 8140) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1439 (47.5) | 1175 (50.0) | 2036 (53.5) | 4163 (51.1) |
| Male | 1589 (52.5) | 1174 (50.0) | 1768 (46.5) | 3977 (48.9) |
| Age, y | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 27.4 (10.5) | 28.2 (10.9) | 28.8 (10.8) | 28.1 (11.0) |
| 15-18 | 446 (14.7) | 315 (13.4) | 408 (10.7) | 1117 (13.7) |
| 19-24 | 1102 (36.4) | 807 (34.4) | 1264 (33.2) | 2834 (34.8) |
| 25-44 | 1232 (40.7) | 994 (42.3) | 1780 (46.8) | 3427 (42.1) |
| ≥45 | 248 (8.2) | 233 (9.9) | 352 (9.3) | 762 (9.4) |
| Rurality | ||||
| Urban | 2599 (85.8) | 1968 (83.8) | 3239 (85.1) | 6947 (85.3) |
| Rural | 415 (13.7) | 375 (16.0) | 550 (14.5) | 1161 (14.3) |
| Missing | 14 (0.5) | 6 (0.3) | 15 (0.4) | 32 (0.4) |
| Neighborhood income quintile | ||||
| 1 (poorest) | 1000 (33.0) | 715 (30.4) | 1185 (31.2) | 2524 (31.0) |
| 2 | 609 (20.1) | 491 (20.9) | 810 (21.3) | 1699 (20.9) |
| 3 | 553 (18.3) | 438 (18.6) | 658 (17.3) | 1459 (17.9) |
| 4 | 480 (15.9) | 371 (15.8) | 592 (15.6) | 1303 (16.0) |
| 5 (Richest) | 372 (12.3) | 327 (13.9) | 543 (14.2) | 1303 (16.0) |
| Missing | 14 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 17 (0.4) | 35 (0.4) |
| Substance use ED visit or hospitalization in past 2 y | ||||
| Any | 358 (11.8) | 346 (14.7) | 575 (15.1) | 960 (11.8) |
| Alcohol | 106 (3.5) | 93 (4.0) | 145 (3.8) | 288 (3.5) |
| Opioids | 46 (1.5) | 23 (1.0) | 38 (1.0) | 90 (1.1) |
| Oher | 244 (8.0) | 270 (11.5) | 448 (11.8) | 687 (8.4) |
| Mental health ED visit or hospitalization in past 2 y | ||||
| Any | 520 (17.2) | 406 (17.3) | 639 (16.8) | 1353 (16.6) |
| Anxiety disorder | 327 (10.8) | 247 (10.5) | 379 (10.0) | 827 (10.2) |
| Mood disorder | 164 (5.4) | 133 (5.7) | 185 (4.9) | 430 (5.3) |
| Schizophrenia or psychosis | 30 (1.0) | 22 (0.9) | 42 (1.1) | 86 (1.1) |
| Other | 180 (5.9) | 146 (6.2) | 221 (5.8) | 450 (5.5) |
| Outpatient substance use or mental health visits in past 2 y | ||||
| Family medicine or general practice | 1537 (50.8) | 1191 (50.7) | 1960 (51.5) | 4126 (50.7) |
| Psychiatry | 571 (18.9) | 465 (19.8) | 740 (19.5) | 1564 (19.2) |
| Vomiting visits before index visit, No. | ||||
| 0 | 2098 (69.3) | 1743 (74.2) | 2742 (72.1) | 6031 (74.1) |
| 1 | 555 (18.3) | 340 (14.5) | 627 (16.5) | 1315 (16.2) |
| 2 | 198 (6.5) | 138 (5.9) | 227 (6.0) | 445 (5.5) |
| 3 | 88 (2.9) | 55 (2.3) | 106 (2.8) | 184 (2.3) |
| ≥4 | 89 (2.9) | 73 (3.1) | 102 (2.7) | 165 (2.0) |
Abbreviation: ED, emergency department.
a
Characteristics taken at the time of first visit in each period. The same individual can appear only once in each period but in multiple periods. Consequently, the number of individuals across the 3 periods is greater than the total number of individuals across all periods.
b
Defined as June 2014 to September 2018 (57 months).
c
Defined as October 2018 to February 2020 (17 months).
d
Defined as March 2020 to May 2021 (16 months), which overlapped with the COVID-19 pandemic.