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. 2022 Sep 17;933:175267. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175267

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© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Fig. 5 — Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and C5a in COVID-19 patient and healthy control groups. The results of ELISA measurement revealed the significantly higher Serum levels of IL-1β (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p = 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.001) and C5a (p = 0.002) in COVID-19 patients compared to the healthy control individuals. COVID-19 patient group, n = 60. Control group, n = 60. Results were presented as mean ± SD. P < 0.05 was described as statistically significant. COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.