Table 1.
Summary of included studies.
| Study | Publication year | Research country | Study type | Operation type | Access site | VCD type | Sample size | Age (mean ± SD) | Male gender n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ben-Dor [28] | 2018 | USA | RCT | PCI/CAG | Femoral vein | MynxGrip | 208 | 72.5 ± 14.2 | 117 (56.3) |
| Ben-Dor [40] | 2011 | USA | Retrospective study | BAV | Femoral artery | AngioSeal/Perclose/Prostar | 333 | 81.8 ± 9.3 | 146 (43.8) |
| Bhat [41] | 2021 | India | Retrospective study | PCI | Femoral artery | Perclose | 1743 | 52.1 ± 11.2 | 1097 (62.9) |
| Christ [42] | 2015 | Germany | Retrospective study | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | AngioSeal | 76 | 64.2 ± 12.8 | 46 (60.5) |
| De Poli [43] | 2014 | France | Retrospective study | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | FemoSeal | 211 | 63.2 ± 12.2 | 76 (76.0) |
| De Poli past [43] | 2014 | France | Retrospective study | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | Unknown | 3826 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Hermiller [29] | 2005 | USA | RCT | CAG | Femoral artery | Starclose | 208 | 61.7 ± 11.8 | 139 (66.8) |
| Hermiller [30] | 2006 | USA | RCT | PCI | Femoral artery | Starclose | 275 | 62.8 ± 9.9 | 221 (80.4) |
| Hermiller [31] | 2015 | USA | RCT | CC | Femoral artery | Vascade | 420 | 62.0 ± 10.9 | 298 (71.0) |
| Holm [32] | 2014 | Denmark | RCT | CAG | Femoral artery | FemoSeal | 1001 | 64.8 ± 11.0 | 621 (62.0) |
| Iqtidar [56] | 2011 | USA | Propensity match | PCI | Femoral artery | AngioSeal/Starclose/Perclose | 4221 | 65.4 ± 12.5 | 2076 (64.1) |
| Jakobsen [33] | 2022 | Denmark | RCT | CAG | Femoral artery | MynxGrip | 865 | 66.0 ± 11.0 | 570 (65.9) |
| Junquera [57] | 2021 | Canada | Propensity match | TAVR | Femoral artery | AngioSeal/Perclose | 4031 | 80.8 ± 7.8 | 1921 (47.7) |
| Kuno [58] | 2021 | USA | Propensity match | PCI | Femoral artery | AngioSeal/Perclose | 694 | 66.7 ± 9.7 | 529 (76.2) |
| Leclercq [44] | 2015 | France | Prospective study | BAV | Femoral artery | AngioSeal | 180 | 83.8 ± 6.8 | 84 (46.7) |
| Lupi [45] | 2012 | Italy | Retrospective study | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | AngioSeal | 1913 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Mirza [46] | 2014 | USA | Retrospective study | CC | Brachial artery | Starclose | 148 | 69.5 ± 8.6 | 79 (53.4) |
| Mohammed [47] | 2021 | USA | Prospective study | CA | Femoral vein | Perclose | 231 | 64.9 ± 10.7 | 145 (62.8) |
| Mohanty [48] | 2019 | USA | Retrospective study | CA/LAAC | Femoral vein | Vascade | 803 | 66.1 ± 10.2 | 538 (70.0) |
| Natale [34] | 2020 | USA | RCT | CA | Femoral vein | Vascade | 204 | 62.5 ± 11.3 | 131 (64.2) |
| O'Neill [49] | 2013 | USA | Retrospective study | BAV | Femoral artery | Perclose | 428 | 83.7 ± 8.9 | 194 (45.3) |
| Owens [50] | 2017 | USA | Retrospective study | CC | Femoral artery | Cardiva catalyst II | 1470 | 63.9 ± 9.7 | 1419 (96.5) |
| Pieper [51] | 2016 | Germany | Prospective study | CC | Femoral artery | ExoSeal | 48 | 62.5 ± 12.6 | 29 (60.4) |
| Schulz-Schüpke [ 35] | 2014 | Germany | RCT | CAG | Femoral artery | FemoSeal/ExoSeal | 4524 | 67.0 ± 11.8 | 3129 (69.2) |
| Sekhar [52] | 2016 | USA | Prospective study | CC | Femoral artery | Perclose | 170 | 59.5 ± 11.0 | 149 (87.6) |
| Sharma [36] | 2020 | USA | RCT | CC | Femoral artery | SiteSeal | 39 | 60.5 ± 9.5 | 23 (59.0) |
| Stegemann [53] | 2011 | Germany | Retrospective study | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | AngioSeal | 4653 | 65.0 ± 11.6 | 3233 (69.5) |
| Su [54] | 2018 | China | Retrospective study | PCI | Femoral artery | AngioSeal | 73 | 66.8 ± 12.1 | 52 (71.2) |
| Wei [55] | 2020 | China | Retrospective study | TBAD | Brachial artery | ExoSeal | 157 | 57.8 ± 13.1 | 124 (79.0) |
| Wong [37] | 2017 | USA | RCT | PCI | Femoral artery | Celt ACD | 207 | 67.0 ± 11.0 | 159 (76.8) |
| Wong [38] | 2009 | USA | RCT | PCI/CAG | Femoral artery | ExoSeal | 401 | 62.7 ± 10.9 | 265 (66.1) |
| Yeni [39] | 2016 | Germany | RCT | PCI | Femoral artery | AngioSeal/Starclose | 620 | 65.7 ± 11.1 | 444 (71.6) |
VCD = vascular closure device; USA = the United States of America; RCT = randomized controlled trial; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; CAG = coronary angiography; BAV = balloon aortic valvuloplasty; CC = cardiac catheterization; TAVR = transcatheter aortic valve replacement; CA = catheter ablation; LAAC = left atrial appendage closure; TBAD = type B aortic dissection.