Table 2.
socio-demographics associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy amongst the respondents on univariate analysis
| Variables | Categories | Vaccine hesitancy | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Age (years | > 45 (Ref) | 236 (71.7) | 93 (28.3) | ||
| 18-25 | 239 (65.7) | 125 (34.3) | 1.327 (0.961, 1.833) | 0.086 | |
| 26-35 | 316 (69.5) | 139 (30.5) | 1.116 (0.817, 1.525) | 0.490 | |
| 36-45 | 314 (67.2) | 153 (32.8) | 1.236 (0.909, 1.683) | 0.177 | |
| Gender | Male (Ref) | 607 (71.7) | 240 (28.3) | ||
| Female | 498 (64.8) | 270 (36.2) | 1.371 (1.111, 1.692) | 0.003 | |
| Study group | Non-health science students (Ref) | 88 (72.2) | 26 (22.8) | ||
| HCWs | 672 (71.3) | 271 (28.7) | 1.365 (0.862, 2.161) | 0.185 | |
| Health science students | 192 (63.4) | 111 (36.6) | 1.957 (1.192, 3.213) | 0.008 | |
| Gen. adults | 153 (60.0) | 102 (40.0) | 2.256 (1.363, 3.736) | 0.002 | |
| Education | #Primary/secondary (Ref) | 111 (78.2) | 31 (21.8) | ||
| Tertiary | 461 (66.9) | 228 (33.1) | 1.771 (1.154, 2.719) | 0.009 | |
| Postgrad. | 533 (68.0) | 251 (32.0) | 1.682 (1.102, 2.580) | 0.016 | |
| SEC | Lower (Ref) | 115 (81.0) | 27 (19.0) | ||
| Middle | 690 (70.6) | 287 (29.4) | 2.783 (1.763, 4.391) | < 0.001 | |
| Upper | 300 (60.5) | 196 (39.5) | 1.772 (1.140, 2.754) | 0.011 | |
| Study sites | Northcentral (Ref) | 376 (79.7) | 96 (20.3) | ||
| Northwest | 27 (55.1) | 22 (44.9) | 1.983 (1.280, 3.070) | 0.002 | |
| Northeast | 81 (66.4) | 41 (33.6) | 3.191 (1.741, 5.849) | <0.001 | |
| South | 168 (51.2) | 160 (48.8) | 2.496 (1.676, 3.718) | <0.001 | |
| Southeast | 91 (61.1) | 58 (38.9) | 3.730 (2.731, 5.094) | <0.001 | |
| Southwest | 362 (73.1) | 133 (26.9) | 1.439 (1.067, 1.942) | 0.017 | |
| HCWs | Laboratory scientist (Ref) | 31 (79.5) | 8 (20.5) | ||
| Pharmacists | 48 (58.5) | 34 (41.5) | 2.745 (1.124, 6.703) | 0.027 | |
| Doctors | 452 (72.6) | 171 (27.4) | 1.466 (0.661, 3.253) | 0.347 | |
| Nurses | 49 (64.5) | 27 (35.5) | 2.135 (0.861, 5.295) | 0.102 | |
| Porters and maids | 432(64.3) | 240(35.7) | 2.153 (0.974, 4.758) | 0.058 | |
| Others | 93 (75.6) | 30 (24.4) | 1.250 (0.519, 3.012) | 0.619 | |
| Tribe | Yoruba (Ref) | 597 (78.4) | 164 (21.6) | ||
| Hausa | 62 (65.3) | 33 (34.7) | 1.938 (1.228, 3.058) | 0.004 | |
| Igbo | 222 (54.3) | 187 (45.7) | 3.066 (2.364, 3.978) | <0.001 | |
| Others | 224 (64.0) | 128 (36.0) | 2.048(1.550, 2.705) | <0.001 | |
| Marital status | Married (Ref) | 661 (69.5) | 290 (30.5) | ||
| Widow(er) | 10 (55.6) | 8 (44.4) | 1.823(0.712, 4.667) | 0.210 | |
| Separated | 15 (60.0) | 10 (40.0) | 1.520 (0.675, 3.423) | 0.313 | |
| Single | 419 (67.5) | 202 (32.5) | 1.099 (0.884, 1.366) | 0.395 | |
| Religion | Muslims (Ref) | 383 (79.3) | 100 (20.7) | ||
| Christians | 706 (63.7) | 402 (36.3) | 2.181 (1.695, 2.805) | <0.001 | |
| Others | 16 (66.7) | 8 (33.3) | 1.915 (0.797, 4.602) | 0.146 | |
| Confidence in foreign manufactured vaccine | Complete confidence (Ref) | 822 (75.8) | 252 (24.2) | ||
| No confidence | 283 (53.3) | 248 (46.7) | 2.749 (2.206, 3.426) | <0.001 | |
OR -odds ratio; CI-Confidence Interval; SEC- Social economic class. #Included non-formal education