Table 1.
Sample characteristics of patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 969) and matched non-COVID controls (n = 969).
| Characteristic | Patients | Controls | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Gender | >0.999 | ||
| Female | 535 (55%) | 535 (55%) | |
| Male | 434 (45%) | 434 (45%) | |
| Age [years] | 0.995 | ||
| 18–34 | 278 (29%) | 278 (29%) | |
| 35–49 | 204 (21%) | 204 (21%) | |
| 50–64 | 374 (39%) | 374 (39%) | |
| 65–87 | 113 (12%) | 113 (12%) | |
| School education | < 0.001 | ||
| < 12 years | 458 (49%) | 761 (79%) | |
| ≥12 years | 485 (51%) | 207 (21%) | |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| Pre-COVID comorbidity | |||
| Any neuropsychiatric disease | 246 (26%) | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 282 (29%) | ||
| Sleep apnoea | 44 (5%) | ||
| Tumour disease | 15 (2%) | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 4 (1%) | ||
| Time since SARS-CoV-2 infection | |||
| 6–9 months | 470 (49%) | ||
| 9–12 months | 344 (36%) | ||
| ≥12 months | 155 (16%) | ||
| Treatment setting | |||
| Home isolation | 908 (94%) | ||
| General ward | 46 (5%) | ||
| Intensive care | 15 (2%) | ||
| Number of acute COVID symptoms | |||
| Asymptomatic | 48 (5.1%) | ||
| 1–5 | 265 (28%) | ||
| 6–8 | 231 (24%) | ||
| 9–11 | 219 (23%) | ||
| 12–21 | 186 (20%) | ||
| Anaemia | 74 (8%) | ||
| C-reactive protein elevation (≥5 mg/l) | 77 (8%) | ||
| Depression symptom severity (PHQ-8) | |||
| Minimal | 523 (55%) | ||
| Mild | 273 (29%) | ||
| Moderate | 103 (11%) | ||
| Moderately Severe | 38 (4%) | ||
| Severe | 9 (1%) | ||
| Anxiety symptom severity (GAD-7) | |||
| Minimal | 685 (72%) | ||
| Mild | 180 (19%) | ||
| Moderate | 59 (6%) | ||
| Severe | 24 (3%) | ||
| Sleep disturbance (PSQI ≥5) | 513 (81%) | ||