Table 3. List of publications included in this systematic review.

RCT, randomized control trial

Author	Type of study	Number of participants	Purpose of the study	Results/Conclusion
Cunniffe et al. (2019) [6]	Case report	1	Accidental aspiration of dentures after general anesthesia	Dislodged denture during anesthesia resulting in odynophagia, dysphagia, and recurrent episodes of hemoptysis
Axe et al. (2016) [8]	Observational study (retrospective cohort study)	613	Current dental health professional recommendations and consumer habits in a denture cleaning	The study failed to provide any clear consensus on dental cleansing recommendations among dental healthcare providers
Shedlin et al. (2018) [10]	Observational study (prospective cohort study)	194	Analyze the knowledge and oral health care behaviors among underserved older adults	Underserved older individuals from various cultural backgrounds understand the importance of oral care; however, healthcare disparities might exist among them
Fernandes et al. (2020) [11]	Systematic review		Relationship with oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis in diabetic patients	The rate of oral candidiasis is similar in diabetic and non-diabetics, however, there is a higher rate of denture stomatitis in a diabetic patient compared to non-diabetics
Nakamura et al. (2021) [18]	Case report	1	Unhygienic dentures causing life-threatening infections	Poor denture care in combination with gingival bleeding results in S.oralis meningitis.
Derafshi et al. (2017) [19]	Observational study (cross-sectional)	100	Identification of nonoral pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of patients with removable dentures	Participants with removable dentures revealed E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. cloacae, and Gram-negative bacilli were found significantly more in the case group than in the control group
Leoney et al. (2020) [20]	Observational study (case-control study)	30	Detection of biofilm Staphylococcus aureus, Viridans streptococcus, K. pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli	These biofilms can cause systemic infections that are highly resistant to conventional treatment.
Silva et al. (2016) [21]	Observational study (prospective cohort study)	52	Determine the occurrent and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric rids and pseudomonas from denture biofilms.	K.pneumoniae, E.coli and E.aerogenes were found on denture biofim. Most enteric bacilli and Pseudomonas species were resistant to amoxicillin and amoxicillin clavulanate. All organisms were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.
Gacon et al. (2020) [22]	Observational study (retrospective cohort study)	279	Coexistence of systemic diseases and inflammation in the oral cavity in edentulous patients.	Systemic diseases in edentulous people using removable devices, and the use of medications for these diseases may actually result in lack of clinical symptoms of oral mycosis.
Kusama et al. (2019) [23]	Observational study (cross-sectional)	71,227	Infrequent denture hygiene and its increased risk of pneumonia.	Infrequent denture cleaning and wearing dentures during sleep was associated with higher incidence of pneumonia.
Linuma et al. (2015) [24]	Observational study (prospective cohort study)	524	Dentures wearing during sleep increases the risk of pneumonia	Overnight denture wearing was independently associated with approx. 2-3-fold higher risk of incidence of pneumonia. Those who wore dentures overnight were more likely to have tongue and denture plaque, gum inflammation, higher levels of circulating interleukins, and positive cultures for Candida albicans compared to their counterparts.
Liu et al. (2018) [25]	Systematic review		Incidence of pneumonia among elderly people residing in nursing homes.	It is highly suggested professional care could reduce mortality due to pneumonia in nursing home residents however no high-quality evidence to determine which oral care measures are most effective.
Ribeiro et al. (2019) [26]	RCT	100	Does the implementation of hygiene practices aid in the treatment of denture-related stomatitis?	Initiated oral hygiene practices for oral prosthesis can achieve decreased incidence of denture stomatitis and may also decrease the risk of cardiac diseases
Maciag et al. (2014) [27]	Observational study (case-control study)	44	Denture-related stomatitis and its associated with endothelial dysfunction	Systemic inflammation may affect vascular dysfunction. Increased cardiovascular risk has been shown to increase caries as well as endodontic infection and increasing denture-related stomatitis.
Kamboj et al. (2021) [28]	Case report	1	Aspiration of dentures after an ischemic stroke	Inaccurate clinical evaluation and premature advancement of diet led to aspiration of the denture and its resulting aspiration pneumonia and death.
Murray et al. (2014) [29]	Case report	1	Aspiration and obstruction of dentures in the bronchus	Endobronchial actinomycosis is found in association with foreign body aspiration or necrotizing pneumonias.
Slade et al. (2015) [30]	Case report	1	Aspiration of dentures following cerebral infarction	Dysphagia, dysphonia, and sore throat can be due to accidental swallowing of dentures
Yen et al. (2015) [31]	Observational study (cross-sectional)	277	Impact of removable dentures on oral health-related quality of life	Elderly patients using removable dentures suggest high satisfaction in patient oral health-related quality of life
Wong et al. (2019) [32]	Systematic review		To review oral health levels, oral health-related quality of life among older institutional residents	Review of evidence-based knowledge on oral health and its associated factors among the elderly. Discussion of modifiable factors such as social inequality, oral healthcare accessibility, and providing quality nursing services.
Cankaya et al. (2020) [33]	An observational study (prospective cohort study)	553	Association between denture care, oral hygiene, and periodontal status of elderly patients using removal dentures	Some 51.1% of patients with poor denture cleaning report that they have not been provided information about denture care. The success of denture maintenance might depend on elderly patients' knowledge of denture care, hygiene habits, and ultimately their motivation.
Northridge et al. (2020) [34]	Narrative review		Disparities in oral healthcare	Individuals with low income, uninsured, members of racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, and rural residents are more likely to have poor oral health than those with better access to quality oral healthcare.
Weintraub et al. (2018) [35]	RCT	219	Improving oral hygiene among nursing home residents	The oral care intervention implemented among nursing home residents improved gingival inflammation, reducing dental plaque and overall denture cleanliness.