Fig. 5. Cell death inhibition in TKI resistance.

Under TKI pressure, tumor cells can resist apoptosis by downregulating proapoptotic molecules and/or upregulating apoptosis-inhibiting molecules. They can also resist ferroptosis by reducing lipid peroxidation through adaptive activation of antioxidant pathways and enhanced production of antioxidant substances such as GSH. Autophagy can also affect TKI resistance, but the relationship between autophagy levels and TKI resistance varies between contexts. Necroptosis is initiated by the necrosome complex, and factors such as ncRNA and hypoxia can inhibit necroptosis by suppressing the assembly of the necrosome complex