Table 3.
ncRNAs related to TKI resistance
| ncRNAs | Upstream molecules or pathways | Target molecules or pathways | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| miRNA | |||
| miR-212455(↓) | — | ABCG2 | Increased drug efflux |
| miR-452-5p135(↑) | — | DUSP6 | Activating the RAS/MAPK pathway |
| miR-210-5p347(↑) | Hypoxia/HIF | ATAD3A/ PINK1/PARKIN | Activation of mitochondrial autophagy |
| miR-92a-1-5p361(↑) | — | MLKL | Necroptosis inhibition |
| miR-200247 | — | ZEB1/2 | EMT |
| miR-186247 | — | TWIST | EMT |
| miR-34a247 | — | SNAIL | EMT |
| miRNA-125-5p382(↑) | — | ataxin-1 | EMT |
| miR-424383(↑) | — | CBX4 | nuclear translocation of YAP1 cancer stem cell phenotype |
| miR-25-3p384(↑) | — | PTEN | Activating the PI3K / Akt pathway to induce M2 polarization of macrophages |
| miR-130b-3p384(↑) | — | ||
| miR-125d-5p385(↑) | c-Jun/PUMA | Apoptosis resistance | |
| miR-494386(↑) | — | PTEN, P27, PUMA | Activating the PI3K / Akt pathway Apoptosis resistance |
| miR-30a-5p387(↓) | — | CLCF1 | Activating the PI3K / Akt pathway Promoting glycolysis |
| miR-30b/c388(↑) | MET | BIM | Apoptosis resistance |
| miR-335389(↑) | — | AXL | Activating the PI3K / Akt pathway |
| miR-196a390(↑) | NRF2 | GLTP | Cell proliferation |
| miR-221392(↑) | NF-κB pathway | p27kip1 | Apoptosis resistance |
| lncRNA | |||
| lncRNA-RP11-390F4.3259(↑) | hypoxia/HIF-1α | Snail,Twist1, ZEB1, ZEB2 | EMT |
| lncRNA-ECVSR394(↑) | — | ERβ/HIF2-α | cancer stem cell phenotype increasing vascular mimicry |
| lncRNA-CASC9395(↑) | — | EZH2/DUSP1 | Activating the RAS/MAPK pathway |
| LncRNA-PCAT-1396(↑) | — | PI3K/Akt pathway | Activating the PI3K / Akt pathway |
| LncRNA-HIF1A-AS2397(↑) | HIF-1α | miR-146b-5p/IL-6/STAT3 | Activating the IL-6/STAT3 pathway to promote proliferation |
| lncRNA-RP11616M22.7398(↑) | — | RASSF | Regulation of hippo pathway |
| circRNA | |||
| circFN1399(↑) | — | miR-1205/E2F1 | Cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance |
| circFOXM1400(↑) | — | miR-1324/MECP2 | Cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance |
| circRNA hsa_circ_0005576401(↑) | — | miR-512-5p/IGF-1R | Alternative activation of PTK |
| circRNA-SORE402(↑) | — | YBX1 | apoptosis resistance |
| circ-E-Cad405,406(↑) | C-E-Cad/EGFR | Alternative activation of PTK | |
| CircRNA-ASK1426(↓) | YTHDF2 | ASK1-272a.a/PI3K/AKT | Activating the RAS/MAPK pathway |
ABCG2 ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 2, AKT AKT serine/threonine kinase, ATAD3A ATPase family AAA domain containing 3a, AXL AXL receptor tyrosine kinase, BIM bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death, CBX4 chromobox 4, CLCF1 cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1, DUSP dual specificity phosphatase, E2F1 E2F transcription factor 1, EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor, EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition, ERβ estrogen receptor β, EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2, GLTP glycolipid transfer protein, HIF-1α hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, IGF insulin-like growth factor, JNK c-Jun N-terminal kinases, MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, MECP2 methyl-CPG binding protein 2, MET MET proto-oncogene, MLKL mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase, NRF2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, p27kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1b, PI3K phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, PINK1 PTEN induced kinase 1, PRKN Parkin, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, PUMA P53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis; RASSF1 ras association domain family member 1, SNAIL snail family transcriptional repressor, STAT signal transducer and activator of transcription, TWIST twist family BHLH transcription factor, YBX1 Y-Box binding protein1, YTHDF2 YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2, ZEB zinc finger e-box binding homeobox.