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. 2022 Sep 17;7:327. doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-01185-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Development and characterization of an updated RBD-Fc fusion protein vaccine against Omicron. a Vaccine design, Structural model of amino acid mutations in the RBD of Omicron BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. All mutations in the RBD were shown. b The immune program of RBD-Fc-Omicron and RBD-Fc-WT in mice. Groups of female BALB/c mice (n = 9-10) were immunized intramuscularly with three doses of 5 μg or 10 μg of RBD-Fc-Omicron at 14-day interval. Sera were collected on day 14, day 28, and 42 after the first immunization. The IgG titers (c), antibody isotype (d), and the NT50 (e) were analyzed. To test the protective effect of RBD-Fc-omicron, BALB/c mice were immunized with RBD-Fc-Omicron Vacc (10 μg/mouse) on day 0, day 14, and day 28. Two weeks after the last immunization, mice were inoculated with Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 intranasally (n = 6, 3 × 10³ TCID50/mouse), On day 3 post-infection, six mice in each group were sacrificed and harvest. f RT–qPCR was used to measure total viral genome copies in lung tissues. i Histopathological changes in lung tissues observed by light microscopy using haematoxylin and eosin staining (Scale Bar: 100 μm). g The immune program of RBD-Fc-Omicron and RBD-Fc-WT in macaques. Groups of macaques were intramuscularly immunized and boosted with 10 μg vaccines (n = 3), and sera were detected on day 700 and day 714 after the first immunization. h Neutralizing titers after a homologous or heterologous booster RBD-Fc fusion protein vaccine in macaques. j The pattern diagram of our study. The update Omicron vaccine has the immunodominance against VOCs. All data are shown as means ± SD, and a one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons tests or t-test is used (*P <0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001)