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. 2022 May-Jun;12(3):241–256. doi: 10.22038/AJP.2021.18774

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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(a) Immuno-histochemical staining of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα) in colonic sections of rats treated with cadmium and Nigella sativa oil X400; TNFα expression is indicated as golden brown coloration (black arrows) on tissue structures. A, control; B, Cd only; C, Cd+NSO; D, NSO only. (b) The mean area% of TNFα expression in the different groups. *indicates significant difference (p=0.029) compared to the control group; ^#indicates significant differences (p=0.035 for Cd+NSO group and 0.017 for the NSO group), compared to the Cd only group; ^@indicates significant difference (p=0.023) compared to the Cd+NSO group