Table 6.

Summary of the four frames used in Italian print media reporting on MHL policy responses. Source: Table adapted from Morris et al. (2016) with authors' inputs.

Frame:	Food security	Worker exploitation	Immigration
Problem diagnosis	Lack of labour supply poses a risk to Italian domestic food supply.	Covid-19 amplifies pre-existing labour exploitation and risks worsening the suffering of workers.	Covid-19's impact on migrant labour opens up the longstanding political battle over immigration in Italy.
Motivation/impetus for action	Saving the agricultural sector from the risks that labour shortages and unharvested crops pose to farmers' livelihoods.	End worker suffering and the associated illegal caporalato practices.	Motivation varies depending on position on legalisation, different sides use different motivations to justify their stance.
Proposed solution	Green corridors and employment measures to hire Italian workers	Legalisation of undocumented migrant workers	Depends on legalisation stance
Key actors quoted in articles	Farmer bodies & farmers	Unions, regional politicians & workers	National & regional politicians, industry
Outlets associated with frame	Corriere della Sera, La Stampa, La Repubblica	La Stampa, Avvenire and La Repubblica	All
Percentage use across sample	30%	32%	38%