Code	Definition of code
Consumer food prices	How seasonal labour shortages could affect consumer food prices
Farmgate food prices	How seasonal labour shortages could affect farmgate prices
Food shortages	Risk of under-supply; food shortages
Hunger	How potential impacts of seasonal labour shortages link to wider issues of hunger and poverty
Food abundance	Reference to sufficient supply but labour shortages could prevent supply from reaching consumers
Travel restrictions	How coronavirus has affected travel of seasonal workers
Workers returning home	Seasonal migrant workers return to home countries at beginning of outbreak
Immigration	immigration is the issue that causes the problem. This includes Immigration status of workers prevents or poses risks to their ability to work, receive healthcare have enough to eat as well as wider political issue of immigration
Supply chain logistics	How coronavirus has impacted the practical logistics of the supply chain which enables seasonal workers to travel
Wider supply chain challenges	How seasonal labour shortage is linked to other supply chain challenges caused by coronavirus such as food gluts; specific to coronavirus impacts and distinct from wider food system challenges code
Wider food system challenges	Linking seasonal labour shortage to wider challenges related to food system outcomes such as hunger, climate change, food safety
International	Reference to how seasonal labour shortage is an international problem, how it is being experienced by other countries, mostly across the EU
Cororpoate	Reference to the role that key corporate actors, suppliers and retailers, play in influencing what is happening with seasonal labour shortage and/or wider worker conditions
Links to other food and/or worker related crises	Effects of Ebola on rice prices; WW2 and women's land army; links in horticultural sector to garment and meatpacking during the pandemic;
Unemployment	Motivation to fix seasonal labour shortage links to rising domestic unemployment as a result of Covid-19.
Trade	Reference to countries' trade status (importers or exporters), e.g. Spain as EU biggest exporter of fruit and veg as motivation for action; mention of trade standards and need to protect worker welfare; reference to risk of protectionist measures that Covid-19 could lead to
Food waste	Motivation to fix seasonal labour shortage is driven by risk of crops and food being wasted
Worker health & safety	Motivation to find a solution to labour shortage involves ensuring health and safety risks of working as picker during coronavirus; concerns over safety of new domestic workers
Worker conditions	Reference to the conditions seasonal labourers work in - motivation to do something about this wider problem and concerns about solution of recruiting domestic workforce. Includes mentions of wages, accommodation, location of farms, exploitation; legalisation of workers immigration status
Worker skill & value	Reference to the skill required to be a picker
Agricultural sector	Motivation to find solution to labour shortage is to protect the agricultural sector
Consumer behaviour and impacts	Motivation to act is to respond to new consumer behaviour (increase in fruit and veg consumption, stockpiling) and to protect consumers against decrease in choice
Government	regulation, free trade, keep supply chain moving, assistance, help agricultural industry survive, financial support
Nationalism	Motivation to find solution to seasonal labour shortage is linked to national identity. Reference to e.g. national produce, feeding the nation. Often used in conjunction with other codes such as short-term labour response. Nuance between “British farmers” (nationalism) and “Farmers in the UK"
Immigration	Motivation to do something about the problem stems from migration challenges - both immigrants who lack documents to work and receive healthcare legally as well as wider political immigration debates
EU	Reference to how the EU is responding to current crisis as well as longer-term links to Brexit. Motivation for certain solutions is linked to the UK's relationship with Europe.
Ending crime and illegality	Motivation for granting legal status to illegal workers is to end criminality and exploitation within agricultural sector
Crime and disorder counter code	Mention of crime and disorder linked with migrant groups presented as counter-code/frame to dominant frame of articles
Humanitarian	Motivation to legalise workers and improve their working conditions is matter of humanitarian endeavour, ensuring dignity for all
Short-term freedom of movement:	Deem farm workers essential workers; Green lanes for seasonal workers to move; charter flights for seasonal workers
Short-term immigration:	Visas/documents for illegal and undocumented workers;
Short-term employment:	Recruit national/domestic workforce through new labour schemes (Pick For Britain; furloughed workers)
Short-term ag sector support:	Financial assistance; hardship support;
Short-term trade:	avoid protectionism; “green lanes” for logistics; ensure smooth running of supply chain
Short-term health & safety:	disinfecting premises; testing and tracing infected workers; food safety
Short-term consumer behaviour:	avoid panic buying
Short-term corporate practice	relaxation corporate competition law
Long-term food system:	future proof food system, can't go back to “normal"
Long-term labour rights:	protect and value workers; immigration rules that value workers