Table 3. Demographic and clinic characteristics of men who received a mRNA or a viral vector vaccine, and semen parameters before and after vaccine.

Parameter		Pre-vaccine	Post-vaccine	p-value	CVw (%)	CVb (%)
Patients who received mRNA vaccine (n=77)
	Age, y	37.6±5.4	38.6±5.5	0.257	-	-
	Sexual abstinence, d	4 (3–5)	3 (3–4)	0.033	-	-
	Frequency of ejaculations, times/wk	2 (1–3)	2 (1–2)	0.446	-	-
	Volume, mL	3 (2.0–3.9)	2 (1.6–2.4)	0.008	18.4	47.2
	Sperm concentration, million/mL	27.0 (13.3–60.5)	67.0 (19.0–102.5)	<0.0001	45.1	86.4
	Progressive motility, %	50 (40–60)	55 (40–65)	0.398	12.9	34.2
	TMSC, million	37.5 (11.7–68.4)	54.1 (17.3–105.0)	0.0002	51.4	112.6
Patients who received viral vector vaccine (n=20)
	Age, y	36.4±6.1	37.4±6.3	0.613	-	-
	Sexual abstinence, d	5 (4–5)	4 (3–4)	0.042	-	-
	Frequency of ejaculations, times/wk	2 (2–3)	2 (2–3)	0.625	-	-
	Volume, mL	2.9 (2.5–3.6)	2.0 (2.4–4.1)	0.275	19.5	28.9
	Sperm concentration, million/mL	27.0 (5.0–48.0)	36.0 (16.0–69.0)	0.027	40.3	88.9
	Progressive motility, %	47 (38–60)	58 (50–65)	0.018	20.1	28.0
	TMSC, million	20.0 (6.2–116.1)	55.0 (21.8–114.3)	0.036	64.3	109.7

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or median (interquartile range).

CV_w: coefficients of variation within subjects, CV_b: coefficients of variation between subjects, TMSC: total motile sperm count, -: not available.