. 2022 Apr 20;3(5):100328. doi: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100328

Table 2.

Translational applications of plant transcriptional regulators in bioengineering plant oil.

Promoter	Gene	Host species	Phenotype	Reference(s)
AtWRI1 and WRI1 orthologs

CaMV 35S	AtWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases seed oil content	Cernac and Benning, 2004
SiW6 promoter	AtWRI1	Camelina sativa	Enhances seed oil content and seed mass	An and Suh, 2015
CaMV 35S	GmWRI1a/GmWRI1b	Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhance total TAG content	Chen et al., 2020
Napin promoter	GmWRI1a	Glycine max	Increases the content of total oil and total fatty acids in seeds	Chen et al., 2018a
CaMV 35S	BnWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases seed oil content, seed weight, and size	Liu et al., 2010
OLE promoter	ZmWRI1	Zea mays	Increases seed oil content with no significant difference in embryo size	Shen et al., 2010
EnP2 promoter	CoWRI1	Oryza sativa	Increases seed oil content and alters lipid composition	Sun et al., 2017
EnP2 promoter	CoWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases seed oil content and alters lipid composition	Sun et al., 2017
ZmUBI1 promoter	BdWRI1	Brachypodium distachyon	Increases grain dry weight and leads to higher TAG content in endosperm and leaf blades	Yang et al., 2015
Glycinin promoter	HaWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases seed oil content, seed weight, and size	Lim et al., 2022
CaMV 35S	JcWRI1	Jatropha curcas	Elevates seed lipid content and increases seed mass	Ye et al., 2018a
CaMV 35S	StWRI1/PtWRI1/AsWRI1/CeWRI1	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	Cause significant increases in oil accumulation	Grimberg et al., 2015
FUS3 promoter	AtWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Prolonged expression of AtWRI1 during seed development leads to increased oil content in seeds	Kanai et al., 2016

AtWRI1 variants

CaMV 35S	AtWRI1¹⁻³⁹⁷	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	Deletion of the IDR-PEST motif of AtWRI1 leads to increased AtWRI1 protein stability and higher TAG content	Ma et al., 2015
CaMV 35S	AtWRI1^PEST/AA	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, Arabidopsis thaliana (wri1-1)	Mutation of multiple putative phosphorylation sites in PEST motif of AtWRI1 (AtWRI1^{S398A/S401A/S402A/S407A/S415A/S416A/T420A/T421A/T422A/S423A}) leads to increased stability of AtWRI1 and higher TAG content	Ma et al., 2015
CaMV 35S	AtWRI1^4SA	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	Mutation of four residues (AtWRI1^{S398A/S401A/S402A/S407A}) in PEST motif of AtWRI1 leads to increased stability and higher TAG content	Ma et al., 2015
CaMV 35S	AtWRI1^RR	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	The lysine to arginine mutation in the dilysine motif (AtWRI1^K2R/K3R) in AtWRI1 results in increased stability and TAG accumulation	Zhai et al., 2017

WRI1-interacting partners

CaMV 35S	14-3-3κ or 14-3-3λ	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, Arabidopsis thaliana	Enhancement of AtWRI1 stability and transcriptional activity leads to increased oil production	Ma et al., 2016
CaMV 35S	MED15	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases total fatty acid content in seeds	Kim et al., 2016
CaMV 35S	KIN10	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	Significantly reduces TAG production; KIN10 negatively regulates AtWRI1 by triggering phosphorylation of sites in the AP2 DNA binding domains, leading to its degradation	Zhai et al., 2017
CaMV 35S	TCP4	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	TCP4 negatively regulates the activity of AtWRI1, leading to reduced oil biosynthesis	Kong et al., 2020b
CaMV 35S	BPM-microRNA	Arabidopsis thaliana	Increases total fatty acid content in seeds; AtWRI1 interacts with E3 ligase adaptor BPMs for degradation through the 26S proteasome	Chen et al., 2013

Combination of WRI1 and other genes

CaMV 35S	AtWRI1, DGAT1	Nicotiana benthamiana leaves	Increase oil accumulation due to the upregulation of late glycolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis by WRI1 and TAG synthesis by DGAT1	Vanhercke et al., 2013
CaMV 35S	AtWRI1	Arabidopsis thaliana	Lead to significant accumulation of oil in vegetative tissues due to the downregulation of starch formation by APS1 and directing carbon to fatty acid synthesis mediated by AtWRI1	Sanjaya et al., 2011
Patatin B33 promoter	AtAPS1-RNAi	Arabidopsis thaliana		Sanjaya et al., 2011
Rubi3 promoter	AtWRI1	Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids)	Elevate TAG accumulation in leaves and stems	Zale et al., 2016
Mubi promoter	ZmDGAT1-2
CaMV 35S	AtOLE1
CaMV 35S	AGPase-RNAi
CaMV 35S	PXA1-RNAi