TABLE 4.
Association of ACE1 Genotypes Distribution with COVID-19 Mortality, Adjusted by Age, Sex, Cigarette Smoking, DM, HTN, CVD, and renal diseases.
| Genotypes alleles N (%) | Mortality | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survived (n = 413) | Expired (n = 57) | p-value (Chi-square) | p-value | OR-95%CI- (L-U) | p-value | OR-95%CI- (L-U) | ||
| ACE1 I/D | II | 90 (21.8%) | 17 (29.8%) | — | — | — | — | — |
| ID | 186 (45%) | 29 (50.9%) | 0.088 | 0.563 | 0.825 (0.431–1.580) | 0.938 | 0.972 (0.477–1.982) | |
| DD | 137 (33.2%) | 11 (19.3%) | 0.037 | 0.425 (0.190–0.950) | 0.088 | 0.470 (0.197–1.120) | ||
| II | 90 (21.8%) | 17 (29.8%) | ||||||
| ID + DD | 323 (78.2%) | 40 (70.2%) | 0.175 | 0.175 | 0.656 (0.355–1.211) | 0.413 | 0.755 (0.386–1.478) | |
| II + ID | 276 (66.8%) | 46 (80.7%) | ||||||
| DD | 137 (33.2%) | 11 (19.3%) | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.482 (0.242–0.959) | 0.049 | 0.497 (0.229–0.999) | |
| I | 366 (44.3%) | 63 (55.3%) | ||||||
| D | 460 (55.7%) | 51 (44.7%) | 0.028 | 0.028 | 0.644 (0.434–0.644) | |||
| ACE2 rs1978124 | Female | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| CC | 6 (3.5%) | 1 (4.8%) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| CT | 65 (38%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.893 | 0.704 | 0.646 (0.068–6.167) | 0.443 | 0.394 (0.036–4.263) | |
| TT | 100 (58.5%) | 13 (61.9%) | — | 0.824 | 0.780 (0.087–7.001) | 0.593 | 0.530 (0.052–5.417) | |
| CC | 6 (3.5%) | 1 (4.8%) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TT + CT | 165 (96.5%) | 20 (95.2%) | 0.772 | 0.773 | 0.727 (0.083–6.352) | 0.518 | 0.471 (0.048–4.622) | |
| CC + CT | 71 (41.5%) | 8 (38.1%) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| TT | 100 (58.5%) | 13 (61.9%) | 0.763 | 0.764 | 1.154 (0.454–2.9229) | 0.682 | 1.235 (0.450–3.391) | |
| C | 77 (22.5%) | 9 (21.4%) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| T | 265 (77.5%) | 33 78.6%) | 0.873 | 0.873 | 1.065 (0.489–2.323) | |||
| Male | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| C | 64 (26.4%) | 9 (25%) | — | — | — | — | — | |
| T | 178 (73.6%) | 27 (75%) | 0.854 | 0.857 | 1.079 (0.481–2.417) | — | — | |
The significant p values are in bold, N (%): number (percentage). Abbreviations: ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme; I, insertion; D, deletion; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; L, lower; U, upper; HTN, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease.