TABLE 3.

Comparison of kinematic measurements during the gait between the unstable ankle and the stable contralateral ankle in patients diagnosed with unilateral chronic ankle instability

Variables	Patient group	Patient group	p‐value*
	Unstable Ankle (n = 15) (mean ± SD)	Stable Ankle (n = 15) (mean ± SD)
Ankle‐toe (degrees)	−4.4 ± 17.8	17.9 ± 6.1	<0.001
Ankle‐toe velocity (m/s)	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.2	0.97
Ankle‐toe acceleration (m/s2)	5.9 ± 1.6	6.3 ± 1.5	0.38
Ankle‐toe angular velocity (radiant/s)	0.3 ± 0.2	0.4 ± 0.2	0.36
Ankle‐toe angular acceleration (radiant/s2)	1.5 ± 0.7	1.7 ± 1.4	0.74
Dorsoplantar flexion RoM (degrees)	92.2 ± 3.2	93.2 ± 3.5	0.18
Inversion‐eversion RoM (degrees)	19.6 ± 9.8	12.9 ± 7.3	0.002
Dorsiplantar flexion a
Initial contact	−3.9 ± 1.9	−5.0 ± 2.7	0.21
Loading response	−4.2 ± 1.9	−5.8 ± 0.9	0.14
Mid‐stance	8.8 ± 3.9	11.2 ± 5.9	0.004
Terminal stance	−0.9 ± 2.4	−1.2 ± 1.1	0.14
Pre‐swing	−15.1 ± 3.8	−13.1 ± 2.6	0.09
Swing	5.8 ± 2.5	4.8 ± 6.2	0.19
Inversion‐Eversion b
Initial contact	8.4 ± 4.1	13.5 ± 3.8	0.002
Loading response	3.4 ± 1.7	4.4 ± 3.2	0.37
Mid‐stance	13.7 ± 5.1	12.9 ± 7.4	0.78
Terminal stance	7.5 ± 4.7	11.5 ± 3.2	0.004
Pre‐swing	−3.6 ± 1.9	−5.9 ± 3.8	0.004
Swing	13.8 ± 4.4	10.8 ± 4.9	0.002

Bold indicates significance values p < 0.05.

Abbreviations: RoM, Range of Motion

^aPositive values show plantar flexion and negative values indicate dorsiflexion

^b Positive values show inversion and negative values indicate eversion.

*p= 0.017 was considered as statistically significant.