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. 2022 Sep 5;12:855008. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855008

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Sin A attenuates gut inflammation and restores intestinal barrier function. Chow-fed mice were treated daily with normal diet (Chow). HFD-fed mice were orally treated with vehicle (HFD) or Sin A (80 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. (A) Representative images of F4/80 staining of ileum tissue (Scale bars 10 μm), Right: IF index of ileum F4/80 (%) (n=5 per group). (B) The changes in inflammation response-associated genes in ileum (n=8 per group). (C) Changes in dextran concentration in blood 4 h after Dextran-FITC gavage in HFD and Sin A mice (n=8 per group). Results of endotoxin in (D) feces and (E) serum of mice (n=10 per group). (F) Immunofluorescence for occluding-1 protein in ileum sections. Scale bars 10 μm. (G) Results of gene expression related to ileum tight junction molecules (n=5–8 per group). (H) Results of Qpcr associated with inflammatory mediators in Caco-2 cell after LPS and Sin A incubation for 24 h. (I) Changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in control, LPS, and LPS+ Sin A groups for the indicated times. Values represent mean ± SD. Significance was determined by Student’s t-test for the two-group and one-way ANOVA for the multiple-group comparisons. p*<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. Il6, interleukin 6; Il1β, interleukin 1 beta; Tlr4, toll-like receptor4; Myd88, myeloid differentiation 88; Muc2, mucin2; Zo-1, zonula occludens-1; Th3, Muc5, mucin5; Tnfa, tumor necrosis factor α; Cox2, Cyclooxygenase-2; Mcp-1Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; TEER, transepithelial electrical resistance.