Figure 6.

Gut microbiota is functional at Sin A-mediated metabolic protection for NAFLD. Mice were randomly divided into four groups (n=5–8). HFD-fed mice were orally treated with vehicle (HFD), Sin A (80 mg/kg, Sin A), antibiotics (ABX), or antibiotics plus Sin A (ABX + Sin A) for 6 weeks. (A) Weighted UniFrac PCoA analysis of gut microbiota based on the OTU data of chow, HFD, and Sin A (n=5–7 per group). (B) Bacterial taxonomic profiling at the phylum level of intestinal bacteria for the above three groups (n=5–7 per group). (C) Changes in TG and TC in serum (n=7–8 per group). (D) Hepatic TG and TC levels (n=6–8 per group). The key gene expression associated with (E) fatty acid biogenesis and (F) fatty acid uptake (n=5–8 per group). Results of gene expression associated with (G) ileum tight junction molecules and (H) inflammation response (n=5–8 per group). Values are expressed as means ± SD. Statistical significance was determined by two-way ANOVA for the multiple-group comparisons. p*<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. PcoA, principle coordinates analysis; ABX, antibiotics; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; Srebp-1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c; Acaca, acetyl-CoA carboxylases alpha; Fasn, fatty acid synthase; Mogat1, Monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1; Pparg, peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma; Scd-1, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1; Cd36, cluster of differentiation 36; Fatp5, fatty acid transport protein 5; Fabp1, fatty acid-binding protein1; Zo-1, zonula occludens-1; Muc2, mucin2; Reg3g, Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma; Reg3β, Regenerating islet-derived protein 3 beta; Il6, interleukin 6; Il10, interleukin10; Tnfa, tumor necrosis factor α; Nos2, Nitric Oxide Synthase2.