Table 2.
Descriptive statistics and differences at DASS-21 at Waves 1 and 2 and changes over time with reliable change index.
| DASS-21 (N = 70) | Wave 1 M (SD) | Wave 2 M (SD) | t test | p value | Effect size | 95% CI | Change (Wave 2 – Wave 1) M (SD) | CSC n (%) | RCI n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | 19.63 (13.10) | 19.42 (12.93) a | 0.22 | 0.83 | 0.03 | [−0.21, −0.26] | −0.49 (18.46) | Clinical classification: 24 (34.7%) Clinical classification change to non-clinical: 16 (23.2%) Non-clinical change to clinical classification: 17 (24.6%) Non-clinical range: 12 (17.4%) |
Decrease: 25 (35.7%) No change: 19 (27.1%) Increase: 25 (35.7%) |
| Anxiety | 16.34 (9.64) | 12.26 (10.86) | 2.36 | 0.02** | 0.28 | [0.04, 0.52] | −4.09 (14.47) | Clinical classification: 27 (38.6%) Clinical classification change to non-clinical: 25 (35.7%) Non-clinical change to clinical classification: 9 (12.9%) Non-clinical range: 9 (12.9%) |
Decrease: 27 (38.6%) No change: 29 (41.4%) Increase: 14 (20%) |
| Stress | 26.23 (8.59) | 22.74 (10.02) | 2.24 | 0.03** | 0.27 | [0.03, 0.51] | −3.49 (13.00) | Clinical classification: 34 (48.6%) Clinical classification change to non-clinical: 19 (27.1%) Non-clinical change to clinical classification: 10 (14.3%) Non-clinical range: 7 (10%) |
Decrease: 25 (35.7%) No change: 30 (42.9%) Increase: 15 (21.4%) |
DASS-21: Depression and Anxiety Stress Scales (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). CI: confidence interval; RCI: reliable change index; CSC: clinically significant change.
Means and standard deviations presented for Waves 1 and 2, change p, Cohen’s d and 95% CI. RCI and CSC presented with frequencies and percentages.
a
Data missing for the depression subscale for one participant during Wave 2.
**
p < 0.01.