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. 2022 Sep 14;21:403–421. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.08.031

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Osteogenic differentiation assay. A) ALP staining of BMSCs co-cultured with samples for 3 and 7 days. B) ARS staining of BMSCs co-cultured with samples for 21 and 28 days. C) ALP activity of BMSCs co-cultured with samples for 3 and 7 days. D) Relative activity of ARS of BMSCs co-cultured with samples for 21 and 28 days. E) Immunofluorescence staining of ALP expression in BMSCs co-cultured with samples for 7 days. (Scale bar = 200 μm; red: ALP protein; blue: nuclei; green: actin cytoskeleton). Gene expressions of F) RUNX2, G) OCN, H) ALP, I) Col-1, J) VEGF, and K) OPN in BMSCs co-cultured with hydrogels for 7 and 14 days. (White column: Con group; black column: SF hydrogel; purple column: SMS hydrogel; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001).